How to check for file lock?
是否有任何方法可以在不使用try/catch块的情况下检查文件是否被锁定?
现在,我唯一知道的方法就是打开文件并捕获任何
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当我遇到类似的问题时,我完成了以下代码:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | public bool IsFileLocked(string filePath) { try { using (File.Open(filePath, FileMode.Open)){} } catch (IOException e) { var errorCode = Marshal.GetHRForException(e) & ((1 << 16) - 1); return errorCode == 32 || errorCode == 33; } return false; } |
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其他答案依赖于旧信息。这一个提供了更好的解决方案。
很久以前,不可能可靠地获取锁定文件的进程列表,因为Windows根本没有跟踪该信息。为了支持重新启动管理器API,现在将跟踪该信息。重新启动管理器API从Windows Vista和Windows Server 2008开始提供(重新启动管理器:运行时要求)。
我将获取文件路径的代码放在一起,并返回锁定该文件的所有进程的
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 | static public class FileUtil { [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] struct RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS { public int dwProcessId; public System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME ProcessStartTime; } const int RmRebootReasonNone = 0; const int CCH_RM_MAX_APP_NAME = 255; const int CCH_RM_MAX_SVC_NAME = 63; enum RM_APP_TYPE { RmUnknownApp = 0, RmMainWindow = 1, RmOtherWindow = 2, RmService = 3, RmExplorer = 4, RmConsole = 5, RmCritical = 1000 } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] struct RM_PROCESS_INFO { public RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS Process; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = CCH_RM_MAX_APP_NAME + 1)] public string strAppName; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = CCH_RM_MAX_SVC_NAME + 1)] public string strServiceShortName; public RM_APP_TYPE ApplicationType; public uint AppStatus; public uint TSSessionId; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] public bool bRestartable; } [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] static extern int RmRegisterResources(uint pSessionHandle, UInt32 nFiles, string[] rgsFilenames, UInt32 nApplications, [In] RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS[] rgApplications, UInt32 nServices, string[] rgsServiceNames); [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] static extern int RmStartSession(out uint pSessionHandle, int dwSessionFlags, string strSessionKey); [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll")] static extern int RmEndSession(uint pSessionHandle); [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll")] static extern int RmGetList(uint dwSessionHandle, out uint pnProcInfoNeeded, ref uint pnProcInfo, [In, Out] RM_PROCESS_INFO[] rgAffectedApps, ref uint lpdwRebootReasons); /// <summary> /// Find out what process(es) have a lock on the specified file. /// </summary> /// <param name="path">Path of the file.</param> /// <returns>Processes locking the file</returns> /// <remarks>See also: /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa373661(v=vs.85).aspx /// http://wyupdate.googlecode.com/svn-history/r401/trunk/frmFilesInUse.cs (no copyright in code at time of viewing) /// /// </remarks> static public List<Process> WhoIsLocking(string path) { uint handle; string key = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); List<Process> processes = new List<Process>(); int res = RmStartSession(out handle, 0, key); if (res != 0) throw new Exception("Could not begin restart session. Unable to determine file locker."); try { const int ERROR_MORE_DATA = 234; uint pnProcInfoNeeded = 0, pnProcInfo = 0, lpdwRebootReasons = RmRebootReasonNone; string[] resources = new string[] { path }; // Just checking on one resource. res = RmRegisterResources(handle, (uint)resources.Length, resources, 0, null, 0, null); if (res != 0) throw new Exception("Could not register resource."); //Note: there's a race condition here -- the first call to RmGetList() returns // the total number of process. However, when we call RmGetList() again to get // the actual processes this number may have increased. res = RmGetList(handle, out pnProcInfoNeeded, ref pnProcInfo, null, ref lpdwRebootReasons); if (res == ERROR_MORE_DATA) { // Create an array to store the process results RM_PROCESS_INFO[] processInfo = new RM_PROCESS_INFO[pnProcInfoNeeded]; pnProcInfo = pnProcInfoNeeded; // Get the list res = RmGetList(handle, out pnProcInfoNeeded, ref pnProcInfo, processInfo, ref lpdwRebootReasons); if (res == 0) { processes = new List<Process>((int)pnProcInfo); // Enumerate all of the results and add them to the // list to be returned for (int i = 0; i < pnProcInfo; i++) { try { processes.Add(Process.GetProcessById(processInfo[i].Process.dwProcessId)); } // catch the error -- in case the process is no longer running catch (ArgumentException) { } } } else throw new Exception("Could not list processes locking resource."); } else if (res != 0) throw new Exception("Could not list processes locking resource. Failed to get size of result."); } finally { RmEndSession(handle); } return processes; } } |
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下面是关于如何使用重新启动管理器API的示例代码的另一个讨论。
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不,不幸的是,如果你考虑一下,这些信息无论如何都是毫无价值的,因为文件可能在下一秒被锁定(读:短时间跨度)。
为什么你还需要知道文件是否被锁定?知道这可能会给我们一些其他的方式给你好的建议。
如果您的代码如下所示:
1 2 | if not locked then open and update file |
然后,在这两行之间,另一个进程可以轻松地锁定文件,从而使您遇到了与您试图避免的问题相同的问题:异常。
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您还可以检查是否有任何进程正在使用此文件,并显示必须关闭才能像安装程序一样继续的程序列表。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | public static string GetFileProcessName(string filePath) { Process[] procs = Process.GetProcesses(); string fileName = Path.GetFileName(filePath); foreach (Process proc in procs) { if (proc.MainWindowHandle != new IntPtr(0) && !proc.HasExited) { ProcessModule[] arr = new ProcessModule[proc.Modules.Count]; foreach (ProcessModule pm in proc.Modules) { if (pm.ModuleName == fileName) return proc.ProcessName; } } } return null; } |
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您可以使用.NET FILESTREAM类方法锁定和解锁,而不是使用互操作:
文件流.lockhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.io.filestream.lock.aspx
文件流.unlockhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.io.filestream.unlock.aspx
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下面是dixond代码的一个变体,它增加等待文件解锁的秒数,然后重试:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 | public bool IsFileLocked(string filePath, int secondsToWait) { bool isLocked = true; int i = 0; while (isLocked && ((i < secondsToWait) || (secondsToWait == 0))) { try { using (File.Open(filePath, FileMode.Open)) { } return false; } catch (IOException e) { var errorCode = Marshal.GetHRForException(e) & ((1 << 16) - 1); isLocked = errorCode == 32 || errorCode == 33; i++; if (secondsToWait !=0) new System.Threading.ManualResetEvent(false).WaitOne(1000); } } return isLocked; } if (!IsFileLocked(file, 10)) { ... } else { throw new Exception(...); } |
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狄克逊优秀答案的变体(见上文)。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 | public static bool TryOpen(string path, FileMode fileMode, FileAccess fileAccess, FileShare fileShare, TimeSpan timeout, out Stream stream) { var endTime = DateTime.Now + timeout; while (DateTime.Now < endTime) { if (TryOpen(path, fileMode, fileAccess, fileShare, out stream)) return true; } stream = null; return false; } public static bool TryOpen(string path, FileMode fileMode, FileAccess fileAccess, FileShare fileShare, out Stream stream) { try { stream = File.Open(path, fileMode, fileAccess, fileShare); return true; } catch (IOException e) { if (!FileIsLocked(e)) throw; stream = null; return false; } } private const uint HRFileLocked = 0x80070020; private const uint HRPortionOfFileLocked = 0x80070021; private static bool FileIsLocked(IOException ioException) { var errorCode = (uint)Marshal.GetHRForException(ioException); return errorCode == HRFileLocked || errorCode == HRPortionOfFileLocked; } |
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用法:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | private void Sample(string filePath) { Stream stream = null; try { var timeOut = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1); if (!TryOpen(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.ReadWrite, timeOut, out stream)) return; // Use stream... } finally { if (stream != null) stream.Close(); } } |
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您可以通过interop在您感兴趣的文件区域调用lockfile。这不会引发异常,如果成功,您将对文件的该部分(由您的进程持有)拥有锁,该锁将一直保持,直到您调用UnlockFile或您的进程终止。
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您可以通过尝试先读取或锁定文件来查看文件是否被锁定。
更多信息请参阅我的答案。
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Then between the two lines, another process could easily lock the file, giving you the same problem you were trying to avoid to begin with: exceptions.
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但是,通过这种方式,您将知道问题是暂时的,稍后将重试。(例如,您可以编写一个线程,如果在尝试写入时遇到锁,该线程将一直重试,直到锁消失。)
另一方面,IOException本身就不够具体,以至于锁定是导致IO失败的原因。可能有一些原因不是暂时的。
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但在PowerShell中是一样的
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | function Test-FileOpen { Param ([string]$FileToOpen) try { $openFile =([system.io.file]::Open($FileToOpen,[system.io.filemode]::Open)) $open =$true $openFile.close() } catch { $open = $false } $open } |
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我最后做的是:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 | internal void LoadExternalData() { FileStream file; if (TryOpenRead("filepath/filename", 5, out file)) { using (file) using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(file)) { // do something } } } internal bool TryOpenRead(string path, int timeout, out FileStream file) { bool isLocked = true; bool condition = true; do { try { file = File.OpenRead(path); return true; } catch (IOException e) { var errorCode = Marshal.GetHRForException(e) & ((1 << 16) - 1); isLocked = errorCode == 32 || errorCode == 33; condition = (isLocked && timeout > 0); if (condition) { // we only wait if the file is locked. If the exception is of any other type, there's no point on keep trying. just return false and null; timeout--; new System.Threading.ManualResetEvent(false).WaitOne(1000); } } } while (condition); file = null; return false; } |
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