Is there a list of Pytz Timezones?
我想知道python库pytz中timezone参数的所有可能值是什么。如何做到这一点？
解决方案1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 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527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 | for tz in pytz.all_timezones: print tz Africa/Abidjan Africa/Accra Africa/Addis_Ababa Africa/Algiers Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera Africa/Bamako Africa/Bangui Africa/Banjul Africa/Bissau Africa/Blantyre Africa/Brazzaville Africa/Bujumbura Africa/Cairo Africa/Casablanca Africa/Ceuta Africa/Conakry Africa/Dakar Africa/Dar_es_Salaam Africa/Djibouti Africa/Douala Africa/El_Aaiun Africa/Freetown Africa/Gaborone Africa/Harare Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Juba Africa/Kampala Africa/Khartoum Africa/Kigali Africa/Kinshasa Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville Africa/Lome Africa/Luanda Africa/Lubumbashi Africa/Lusaka Africa/Malabo Africa/Maputo Africa/Maseru Africa/Mbabane Africa/Mogadishu Africa/Monrovia Africa/Nairobi Africa/Ndjamena Africa/Niamey Africa/Nouakchott Africa/Ouagadougou Africa/Porto-Novo Africa/Sao_Tome Africa/Timbuktu Africa/Tripoli Africa/Tunis Africa/Windhoek America/Adak America/Anchorage America/Anguilla America/Antigua America/Araguaina America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Argentina/Jujuy America/Argentina/La_Rioja America/Argentina/Mendoza America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos America/Argentina/Salta America/Argentina/San_Juan America/Argentina/San_Luis America/Argentina/Tucuman America/Argentina/Ushuaia America/Aruba America/Asuncion America/Atikokan America/Atka America/Bahia America/Bahia_Banderas America/Barbados America/Belem America/Belize America/Blanc-Sablon America/Boa_Vista America/Bogota America/Boise America/Buenos_Aires America/Cambridge_Bay America/Campo_Grande America/Cancun America/Caracas America/Catamarca America/Cayenne America/Cayman America/Chicago America/Chihuahua America/Coral_Harbour America/Cordoba America/Costa_Rica America/Creston America/Cuiaba America/Curacao America/Danmarkshavn America/Dawson America/Dawson_Creek America/Denver America/Detroit America/Dominica America/Edmonton America/Eirunepe America/El_Salvador America/Ensenada America/Fort_Wayne America/Fortaleza America/Glace_Bay America/Godthab America/Goose_Bay America/Grand_Turk America/Grenada America/Guadeloupe America/Guatemala America/Guayaquil America/Guyana America/Halifax America/Havana America/Hermosillo America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Indiana/Knox America/Indiana/Marengo America/Indiana/Petersburg America/Indiana/Tell_City America/Indiana/Vevay America/Indiana/Vincennes America/Indiana/Winamac America/Indianapolis America/Inuvik America/Iqaluit America/Jamaica America/Jujuy America/Juneau America/Kentucky/Louisville America/Kentucky/Monticello America/Knox_IN America/Kralendijk America/La_Paz America/Lima America/Los_Angeles America/Louisville America/Lower_Princes America/Maceio America/Managua America/Manaus America/Marigot America/Martinique America/Matamoros America/Mazatlan America/Mendoza America/Menominee America/Merida America/Metlakatla America/Mexico_City America/Miquelon America/Moncton America/Monterrey America/Montevideo America/Montreal America/Montserrat America/Nassau America/New_York America/Nipigon America/Nome America/Noronha America/North_Dakota/Beulah America/North_Dakota/Center America/North_Dakota/New_Salem America/Ojinaga America/Panama America/Pangnirtung America/Paramaribo America/Phoenix America/Port-au-Prince America/Port_of_Spain America/Porto_Acre America/Porto_Velho America/Puerto_Rico America/Rainy_River America/Rankin_Inlet America/Recife America/Regina America/Resolute America/Rio_Branco America/Rosario America/Santa_Isabel America/Santarem America/Santiago America/Santo_Domingo America/Sao_Paulo America/Scoresbysund America/Shiprock America/Sitka America/St_Barthelemy America/St_Johns America/St_Kitts America/St_Lucia America/St_Thomas America/St_Vincent America/Swift_Current America/Tegucigalpa America/Thule America/Thunder_Bay America/Tijuana America/Toronto America/Tortola America/Vancouver America/Virgin America/Whitehorse America/Winnipeg America/Yakutat America/Yellowknife Antarctica/Casey Antarctica/Davis Antarctica/DumontDUrville Antarctica/Macquarie Antarctica/Mawson Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/Palmer Antarctica/Rothera Antarctica/South_Pole Antarctica/Syowa Antarctica/Vostok Arctic/Longyearbyen Asia/Aden Asia/Almaty Asia/Amman Asia/Anadyr Asia/Aqtau Asia/Aqtobe Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad Asia/Baghdad Asia/Bahrain Asia/Baku Asia/Bangkok Asia/Beirut Asia/Bishkek Asia/Brunei Asia/Calcutta Asia/Choibalsan Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking Asia/Colombo Asia/Dacca Asia/Damascus Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dili Asia/Dubai Asia/Dushanbe Asia/Gaza Asia/Harbin Asia/Hebron Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Hong_Kong Asia/Hovd Asia/Irkutsk Asia/Istanbul Asia/Jakarta Asia/Jayapura Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Kabul Asia/Kamchatka Asia/Karachi Asia/Kashgar Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu Asia/Kolkata Asia/Krasnoyarsk Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Asia/Kuching Asia/Kuwait Asia/Macao Asia/Macau Asia/Magadan Asia/Makassar Asia/Manila Asia/Muscat Asia/Nicosia Asia/Novokuznetsk Asia/Novosibirsk Asia/Omsk Asia/Oral Asia/Phnom_Penh Asia/Pontianak Asia/Pyongyang Asia/Qatar Asia/Qyzylorda Asia/Rangoon Asia/Riyadh Asia/Saigon Asia/Sakhalin Asia/Samarkand Asia/Seoul Asia/Shanghai Asia/Singapore Asia/Taipei Asia/Tashkent Asia/Tbilisi Asia/Tehran Asia/Tel_Aviv Asia/Thimbu Asia/Thimphu Asia/Tokyo Asia/Ujung_Pandang Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator Asia/Urumqi Asia/Vientiane Asia/Vladivostok Asia/Yakutsk Asia/Yekaterinburg Asia/Yerevan Atlantic/Azores Atlantic/Bermuda Atlantic/Canary Atlantic/Cape_Verde Atlantic/Faeroe Atlantic/Faroe Atlantic/Jan_Mayen Atlantic/Madeira Atlantic/Reykjavik Atlantic/South_Georgia Atlantic/St_Helena Atlantic/Stanley Australia/ACT Australia/Adelaide Australia/Brisbane Australia/Broken_Hill Australia/Canberra Australia/Currie Australia/Darwin Australia/Eucla Australia/Hobart Australia/LHI Australia/Lindeman Australia/Lord_Howe Australia/Melbourne Australia/NSW Australia/North Australia/Perth Australia/Queensland Australia/South Australia/Sydney Australia/Tasmania Australia/Victoria Australia/West Australia/Yancowinna Brazil/Acre Brazil/DeNoronha Brazil/East Brazil/West CET CST6CDT Canada/Atlantic Canada/Central Canada/East-Saskatchewan Canada/Eastern Canada/Mountain Canada/Newfoundland Canada/Pacific Canada/Saskatchewan Canada/Yukon Chile/Continental Chile/EasterIsland Cuba EET EST EST5EDT Egypt Eire Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0 Etc/GMT+1 Etc/GMT+10 Etc/GMT+11 Etc/GMT+12 Etc/GMT+2 Etc/GMT+3 Etc/GMT+4 Etc/GMT+5 Etc/GMT+6 Etc/GMT+7 Etc/GMT+8 Etc/GMT+9 Etc/GMT-0 Etc/GMT-1 Etc/GMT-10 Etc/GMT-11 Etc/GMT-12 Etc/GMT-13 Etc/GMT-14 Etc/GMT-2 Etc/GMT-3 Etc/GMT-4 Etc/GMT-5 Etc/GMT-6 Etc/GMT-7 Etc/GMT-8 Etc/GMT-9 Etc/GMT0 Etc/Greenwich Etc/UCT Etc/UTC Etc/Universal Etc/Zulu Europe/Amsterdam Europe/Andorra Europe/Athens Europe/Belfast Europe/Belgrade Europe/Berlin Europe/Bratislava Europe/Brussels Europe/Bucharest Europe/Budapest Europe/Chisinau Europe/Copenhagen Europe/Dublin Europe/Gibraltar Europe/Guernsey Europe/Helsinki Europe/Isle_of_Man Europe/Istanbul Europe/Jersey Europe/Kaliningrad Europe/Kiev Europe/Lisbon Europe/Ljubljana Europe/London Europe/Luxembourg Europe/Madrid Europe/Malta Europe/Mariehamn Europe/Minsk Europe/Monaco Europe/Moscow Europe/Nicosia Europe/Oslo Europe/Paris Europe/Podgorica Europe/Prague Europe/Riga Europe/Rome Europe/Samara Europe/San_Marino Europe/Sarajevo Europe/Simferopol Europe/Skopje Europe/Sofia Europe/Stockholm Europe/Tallinn Europe/Tirane Europe/Tiraspol Europe/Uzhgorod Europe/Vaduz Europe/Vatican Europe/Vienna Europe/Vilnius Europe/Volgograd Europe/Warsaw Europe/Zagreb Europe/Zaporozhye Europe/Zurich GB GB-Eire GMT GMT+0 GMT-0 GMT0 Greenwich HST Hongkong Iceland Indian/Antananarivo Indian/Chagos Indian/Christmas Indian/Cocos Indian/Comoro Indian/Kerguelen Indian/Mahe Indian/Maldives Indian/Mauritius Indian/Mayotte Indian/Reunion Iran Israel Jamaica Japan Kwajalein Libya MET MST MST7MDT Mexico/BajaNorte Mexico/BajaSur Mexico/General NZ NZ-CHAT Navajo PRC PST8PDT Pacific/Apia Pacific/Auckland Pacific/Chatham Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Easter Pacific/Efate Pacific/Enderbury Pacific/Fakaofo Pacific/Fiji Pacific/Funafuti Pacific/Galapagos Pacific/Gambier Pacific/Guadalcanal Pacific/Guam Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston Pacific/Kiritimati Pacific/Kosrae Pacific/Kwajalein Pacific/Majuro Pacific/Marquesas Pacific/Midway Pacific/Nauru Pacific/Niue Pacific/Norfolk Pacific/Noumea Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Palau Pacific/Pitcairn Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape Pacific/Port_Moresby Pacific/Rarotonga Pacific/Saipan Pacific/Samoa Pacific/Tahiti Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Tongatapu Pacific/Truk Pacific/Wake Pacific/Wallis Pacific/Yap Poland Portugal ROC ROK Singapore Turkey UCT US/Alaska US/Aleutian US/Arizona US/Central US/East-Indiana US/Eastern US/Hawaii US/Indiana-Starke US/Michigan US/Mountain US/Pacific US/Pacific-New US/Samoa UTC Universal W-SU WET Zulu |
您可以使用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | In [40]: import pytz In [41]: pytz.all_timezones Out[42]: ['Africa/Abidjan', 'Africa/Accra', 'Africa/Addis_Ababa', ...] |
还有
1 2 3 4 5 | In [45]: len(pytz.common_timezones) Out[45]: 403 In [46]: len(pytz.all_timezones) Out[46]: 563 |
不要创建自己的列表-
1 2 3 | import pytz set(pytz.all_timezones_set) >>> {'Europe/Vienna', 'America/New_York', 'America/Argentina/Salta',..} |
然后您可以应用时区：
1 2 3 4 5 | import datetime tz = pytz.timezone('Pacific/Johnston') ct = datetime.datetime.now(tz=tz) >>> ct.isoformat() 2017-01-13T11:29:22.601991-05:00 |
或者，如果你已经有一个
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | # This timestamp is in UTC my_ct = datetime.datetime.now(tz=pytz.UTC) # Now convert it to another timezone new_ct = my_ct.astimezone(tz) >>> new_ct.isoformat() 2017-01-13T11:29:22.601991-05:00 |
时区名称是指定时区的唯一可靠方法。
您可以在这里找到时区名称列表：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_-tz_-database_-time_-zones请注意，此列表包含许多别名，例如，时区的US/EASTERN，该时区正确地称为"美国/纽约"。
如果您计划从ZoneInfo数据库创建此列表，可以从ZoneInfo数据库中的zone.tab文件编译它。我不认为Pytz有一个API来获取它们，我也不认为它会非常有用。
这里是python的国家代码、名称、大陆、首都和pytz时区列表。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | countries = [ {'timezones': ['Europe/Paris'], 'code': 'FR', 'continent': 'Europe', 'name': 'France', 'capital': 'Paris'} {'timezones': ['Africa/Kampala'], 'code': 'UG', 'continent': 'Africa', 'name': 'Uganda', 'capital': 'Kampala'}, {'timezones': ['Asia/Colombo'], 'code': 'LK', 'continent': 'Asia', 'name': 'Sri Lanka', 'capital': 'Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte'}, {'timezones': ['Asia/Riyadh'], 'code': 'SA', 'continent': 'Asia', 'name': 'Saudi Arabia', 'capital': 'Riyadh'}, {'timezones': ['Africa/Luanda'], 'code': 'AO', 'continent': 'Africa', 'name': 'Angola', 'capital': 'Luanda'}, {'timezones': ['Europe/Vienna'], 'code': 'AT', 'continent': 'Europe', 'name': 'Austria', 'capital': 'Vienna'}, {'timezones': ['Asia/Calcutta'], 'code': 'IN', 'continent': 'Asia', 'name': 'India', 'capital': 'New Delhi'}, {'timezones': ['Asia/Dubai'], 'code': 'AE', 'continent': 'Asia', 'name': 'United Arab Emirates', 'capital': 'Abu Dhabi'}, {'timezones': ['Europe/London'], 'code': 'GB', 'continent': 'Europe', 'name': 'United Kingdom', 'capital': 'London'}, ] |
完整列表：吉斯塔吉布
希望，它有帮助。
它们似乎由TZ数据库时区填充。
如果您在一个类似Unix的平台上，我建议您避免使用pytz，只查看/usr/share/zoneinfo。dateutil.tz可以利用那里的信息。
下面的代码说明了Pytz可以给出的问题。当我第一次发现它时，我很震惊。(有趣的是，yum在Centos7上安装的pytz并没有出现这个问题。)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | import pytz import dateutil.tz from datetime import datetime print((datetime(2017,2,13,14,29,29, tzinfo=pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai')) - datetime(2017,2,13,14,29,29, tzinfo=pytz.timezone('UTC'))) .total_seconds()) print((datetime(2017,2,13,14,29,29, tzinfo=dateutil.tz.gettz('Asia/Shanghai')) - datetime(2017,2,13,14,29,29, tzinfo=dateutil.tz.tzutc())) .total_seconds()) -29160.0 -28800.0 |
也就是说，Pytz创建的时区是真正的当地时间，而不是人们观察的标准当地时间。上海符合Pytz建议的+0800，而不是+0806：
1 2 | pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai') <DstTzInfo 'Asia/Shanghai' LMT+8:06:00 STD> |
编辑：感谢马克·兰索姆的评论和投反对票，现在我知道我用Pytz的方式不对。总之，您不应该将
尽管有他的论点(而且我不愿意更仔细地阅读PYTZ文档)，我还是保留这个答案。我以一种方式回答了这个问题(如何枚举受支持的时区，尽管不是用pytz)，因为我相信pytz没有提供正确的解决方案。虽然我的想法是错误的，但这个答案仍然提供了一些信息，imho，这可能对感兴趣的人有用。派兹做事的正确方式是违反直觉的。如果PYTZ创建的TZINFO不应该直接由
我认为这是Pytz图书馆的设计缺陷。使用偏移量指定时区应该更可靠，例如
1 | pytz.construct("UTC-07:00") |
这给了你加拿大/太平洋时区。