关于for循环:组合(Python)

Making Combinations (Python)

在python中,有没有比嵌套for循环或列表理解更好的方法从k元素集中获得n个元素的组合?

例如,假设从集合[1,2,3,4,5,6]中,我想要得到[(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(4,5),(4,6),(5,6)]。有没有比

1
2
3
4
5
nums=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
doubles=[]
for a in nums:
    for b in nums[a+1:]
        doubles.append((a,b))

?如果我们最终得到的列表中的元素是集合、元组或列表,这没关系;我只是觉得应该有一种更简单的方法来实现这一点。


您可以使用itertools.combinations

1
2
3
4
>>> from itertools import combinations
>>> nums = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> list(combinations(nums, 2))
[(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6)]


itertools模块有许多非常强大的工具,可以在这种情况下使用。在这种情况下,您需要itertools.combinations。其他一些你可能会发现有用的是itertools.combinations_with_replacementitertools.permutations

例子:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
>>> import itertools
>>> list(itertools.combinations(range(1,7),2))
[(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6)]
>>> list(itertools.combinations_with_replacement(range(1,7),2))
[(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 6)]
>>> list(itertools.permutations(range(1,7),2))
[(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5)]


您可以使用itertools模块

1
2
3
4
import itertools
alphabet = ['1','2','3','4','5','6']
combos = list(itertools.combinations(alphabet, 2))
print combos