Execute a command line binary with Node.js
我正在将一个cli库从ruby移植到node.js。在我的代码中,我在必要时执行几个第三方二进制文件。我不知道如何最好地在节点中完成这一点。
下面是Ruby中的一个示例,我在其中调用PrinceXML将文件转换为PDF:
1 | cmd = system("prince -v builds/pdf/book.html -o builds/pdf/book.pdf") |
节点中的等效代码是什么?
对于更高版本的node.js(V8.1.4),事件和调用与旧版本类似或相同,但鼓励使用标准的较新语言功能。实例:
对于缓冲的、非流格式的输出(您可以一次获得所有输出),请使用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | const { exec } = require('child_process'); exec('cat *.js bad_file | wc -l', (err, stdout, stderr) => { if (err) { // node couldn't execute the command return; } // the *entire* stdout and stderr (buffered) console.log(`stdout: ${stdout}`); console.log(`stderr: ${stderr}`); }); |
你也可以用它来承诺:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | const util = require('util'); const exec = util.promisify(require('child_process').exec); async function ls() { const { stdout, stderr } = await exec('ls'); console.log('stdout:', stdout); console.log('stderr:', stderr); } ls(); |
如果您希望以块的形式逐渐接收数据(以流的形式输出),请使用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | const { spawn } = require('child_process'); const child = spawn('ls', ['-lh', '/usr']); // use child.stdout.setEncoding('utf8'); if you want text chunks child.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => { // data from standard output is here as buffers }); // since these are streams, you can pipe them elsewhere child.stderr.pipe(dest); child.on('close', (code) => { console.log(`child process exited with code ${code}`); }); |
这两个函数都有一个同步的对应函数。
1 2 3 4 | const { execSync } = require('child_process'); // stderr is sent to stderr of parent process // you can set options.stdio if you want it to go elsewhere let stdout = execSync('ls'); |
以及
1 2 3 4 5 6 | const { spawnSync} = require('child_process'); const child = spawnSync('ls', ['-lh', '/usr']); console.log('error', child.error); console.log('stdout ', child.stdout); console.log('stderr ', child.stderr); |
注意:下面的代码仍然有效,但主要针对ES5及之前版本的用户。
使用node.js生成子进程的模块在文档(v5.0.0)中有很好的记录。要执行命令并获取其作为缓冲区的完整输出,请使用
1 2 3 4 5 6 | var exec = require('child_process').exec; var cmd = 'prince -v builds/pdf/book.html -o builds/pdf/book.pdf'; exec(cmd, function(error, stdout, stderr) { // command output is in stdout }); |
如果您需要将处理进程I/O与流一起使用,例如当您期望大量输出时,请使用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | var spawn = require('child_process').spawn; var child = spawn('prince', [ '-v', 'builds/pdf/book.html', '-o', 'builds/pdf/book.pdf' ]); child.stdout.on('data', function(chunk) { // output will be here in chunks }); // or if you want to send output elsewhere child.stdout.pipe(dest); |
如果执行的是文件而不是命令,则可能需要使用
1 2 3 4 | var execFile = require('child_process').execFile; execFile(file, args, options, function(error, stdout, stderr) { // command output is in stdout }); |
从v0.11.12开始,节点现在支持同步
节点JS
异步方法(Unix):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | 'use strict'; const { spawn } = require( 'child_process' ), ls = spawn( 'ls', [ '-lh', '/usr' ] ); ls.stdout.on( 'data', data => { console.log( `stdout: ${data}` ); } ); ls.stderr.on( 'data', data => { console.log( `stderr: ${data}` ); } ); ls.on( 'close', code => { console.log( `child process exited with code ${code}` ); } ); |
< BR>
异步方法(Windows):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | 'use strict'; const { spawn } = require( 'child_process' ), dir = spawn( 'dir', [ '.' ] ); dir.stdout.on( 'data', data => console.log( `stdout: ${data}` ) ); dir.stderr.on( 'data', data => console.log( `stderr: ${data}` ) ); dir.on( 'close', code => console.log( `child process exited with code ${code}` ) ); |
< BR>
同步:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | 'use strict'; const { spawnSync } = require( 'child_process' ), ls = spawnSync( 'ls', [ '-lh', '/usr' ] ); console.log( `stderr: ${ls.stderr.toString()}` ); console.log( `stdout: ${ls.stdout.toString()}` ); |
来自node.js v12.2.0文档
同样适用于node.js v10.15.3文档和node.js v8.16.0文档。
您正在查找childu process.exec
示例如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | const exec = require('child_process').exec; const child = exec('cat *.js bad_file | wc -l', (error, stdout, stderr) => { console.log(`stdout: ${stdout}`); console.log(`stderr: ${stderr}`); if (error !== null) { console.log(`exec error: ${error}`); } }); |
1 2 3 4 | const exec = require("child_process").exec exec("ls", (error, stdout, stderr) => { //do whatever here }) |
如果你想要的东西与最上面的答案非常相似,但也是同步的,那么这就可以了。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | var execSync = require('child_process').execSync; var cmd ="echo 'hello world'"; var options = { encoding: 'utf8' }; console.log(execSync(cmd, options)); |
由于版本4,最接近的替代方案是
1 2 3 | const execSync = require('child_process').execSync; let cmd = execSync('prince -v builds/pdf/book.html -o builds/pdf/book.pdf'); |
注意这个方法会阻塞事件循环。
我刚写了一个cli帮助程序来轻松处理unix/windows。
Javascript:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 | define(["require","exports"], function (require, exports) { /** * Helper to use the Command Line Interface (CLI) easily with both Windows and Unix environments. * Requires underscore or lodash as global through"_". */ var Cli = (function () { function Cli() {} /** * Execute a CLI command. * Manage Windows and Unix environment and try to execute the command on both env if fails. * Order: Windows -> Unix. * * @param command Command to execute. ('grunt') * @param args Args of the command. ('watch') * @param callback Success. * @param callbackErrorWindows Failure on Windows env. * @param callbackErrorUnix Failure on Unix env. */ Cli.execute = function (command, args, callback, callbackErrorWindows, callbackErrorUnix) { if (typeof args ==="undefined") { args = []; } Cli.windows(command, args, callback, function () { callbackErrorWindows(); try { Cli.unix(command, args, callback, callbackErrorUnix); } catch (e) { console.log('------------- Failed to perform the command:"' + command + '" on all environments. -------------'); } }); }; /** * Execute a command on Windows environment. * * @param command Command to execute. ('grunt') * @param args Args of the command. ('watch') * @param callback Success callback. * @param callbackError Failure callback. */ Cli.windows = function (command, args, callback, callbackError) { if (typeof args ==="undefined") { args = []; } try { Cli._execute(process.env.comspec, _.union(['/c', command], args)); callback(command, args, 'Windows'); } catch (e) { callbackError(command, args, 'Windows'); } }; /** * Execute a command on Unix environment. * * @param command Command to execute. ('grunt') * @param args Args of the command. ('watch') * @param callback Success callback. * @param callbackError Failure callback. */ Cli.unix = function (command, args, callback, callbackError) { if (typeof args ==="undefined") { args = []; } try { Cli._execute(command, args); callback(command, args, 'Unix'); } catch (e) { callbackError(command, args, 'Unix'); } }; /** * Execute a command no matters what's the environment. * * @param command Command to execute. ('grunt') * @param args Args of the command. ('watch') * @private */ Cli._execute = function (command, args) { var spawn = require('child_process').spawn; var childProcess = spawn(command, args); childProcess.stdout.on("data", function (data) { console.log(data.toString()); }); childProcess.stderr.on("data", function (data) { console.error(data.toString()); }); }; return Cli; })(); exports.Cli = Cli; }); |
typescript原始源文件:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 | /** * Helper to use the Command Line Interface (CLI) easily with both Windows and Unix environments. * Requires underscore or lodash as global through"_". */ export class Cli { /** * Execute a CLI command. * Manage Windows and Unix environment and try to execute the command on both env if fails. * Order: Windows -> Unix. * * @param command Command to execute. ('grunt') * @param args Args of the command. ('watch') * @param callback Success. * @param callbackErrorWindows Failure on Windows env. * @param callbackErrorUnix Failure on Unix env. */ public static execute(command: string, args: string[] = [], callback ? : any, callbackErrorWindows ? : any, callbackErrorUnix ? : any) { Cli.windows(command, args, callback, function () { callbackErrorWindows(); try { Cli.unix(command, args, callback, callbackErrorUnix); } catch (e) { console.log('------------- Failed to perform the command:"' + command + '" on all environments. -------------'); } }); } /** * Execute a command on Windows environment. * * @param command Command to execute. ('grunt') * @param args Args of the command. ('watch') * @param callback Success callback. * @param callbackError Failure callback. */ public static windows(command: string, args: string[] = [], callback ? : any, callbackError ? : any) { try { Cli._execute(process.env.comspec, _.union(['/c', command], args)); callback(command, args, 'Windows'); } catch (e) { callbackError(command, args, 'Windows'); } } /** * Execute a command on Unix environment. * * @param command Command to execute. ('grunt') * @param args Args of the command. ('watch') * @param callback Success callback. * @param callbackError Failure callback. */ public static unix(command: string, args: string[] = [], callback ? : any, callbackError ? : any) { try { Cli._execute(command, args); callback(command, args, 'Unix'); } catch (e) { callbackError(command, args, 'Unix'); } } /** * Execute a command no matters what's the environment. * * @param command Command to execute. ('grunt') * @param args Args of the command. ('watch') * @private */ private static _execute(command, args) { var spawn = require('child_process').spawn; var childProcess = spawn(command, args); childProcess.stdout.on("data", function (data) { console.log(data.toString()); }); childProcess.stderr.on("data", function (data) { console.error(data.toString()); }); } } Example of use: Cli.execute(Grunt._command, args, function (command, args, env) { console.log('Grunt has been automatically executed. (' + env + ')'); }, function (command, args, env) { console.error('------------- Windows"' + command + '" command failed, trying Unix... ---------------'); }, function (command, args, env) { console.error('------------- Unix"' + command + '" command failed too. ---------------'); }); |
如果你不介意依赖和使用承诺,那么
安装
1 | npm install child-process-promise --save |
执行使用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | var exec = require('child-process-promise').exec; exec('echo hello') .then(function (result) { var stdout = result.stdout; var stderr = result.stderr; console.log('stdout: ', stdout); console.log('stderr: ', stderr); }) .catch(function (err) { console.error('ERROR: ', err); }); |
产卵利用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | var spawn = require('child-process-promise').spawn; var promise = spawn('echo', ['hello']); var childProcess = promise.childProcess; console.log('[spawn] childProcess.pid: ', childProcess.pid); childProcess.stdout.on('data', function (data) { console.log('[spawn] stdout: ', data.toString()); }); childProcess.stderr.on('data', function (data) { console.log('[spawn] stderr: ', data.toString()); }); promise.then(function () { console.log('[spawn] done!'); }) .catch(function (err) { console.error('[spawn] ERROR: ', err); }); |
现在可以使用shelljs(从节点v4)如下:
1 2 3 4 | var shell = require('shelljs'); shell.echo('hello world'); shell.exec('node --version') |
@六氰化物的答案几乎是完整的。在windows命令中,
下面是一个简单但可移植的生成函数:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | function spawn(cmd, args, opt) { var isWindows = /win/.test(process.platform); if ( isWindows ) { if ( !args ) args = []; args.unshift(cmd); args.unshift('/c'); cmd = process.env.comspec; } return child_process.spawn(cmd, args, opt); } var cmd = spawn("prince", ["-v","builds/pdf/book.html","-o","builds/pdf/book.pdf"]) // Use these props to get execution results: // cmd.stdin; // cmd.stdout; // cmd.stderr; |