关于python:inspect.isfunction对所有模块都不起作用?

inspect.isfunction doesn't work for all modules?

我正在尝试使用以下答案:是否可以列出模块中的所有功能?列出一系列模块中的功能。但在我的翻译中,我得到如下信息:

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Python 3.3.2 (v3.3.2:d047928ae3f6, May 16 2013, 00:03:43) [MSC v.1600 32 bit (In
tel)] on win32
Type"help","copyright","credits" or"license" for more information.
>>> import inspect
>>> import math
>>> math.pow(5,4)
625.0
>>> inspect.getmembers(math, inspect.isfunction)
[]
>>> inspect.getmembers(inspect, inspect.isfunction)
[('_check_class', <function _check_class at 0x00C9F9C0>), ('_check_instance', <f
unction _check_instance at 0x00C9F978>), ('_get_user_defined_method', <function
_get_user_defined_method at 0x00C9FB70>), ('_getfullargs', <function _getfullarg
s at 0x00C6A4F8>), ('_is_type', <function _is_type at 0x00C9FA08>), ('_missing_a
rguments'
, <function _missing_arguments at 0x00C9F198>), ('_shadowed_dict', <fun
ction _shadowed_dict at 0x00C9FA50>)... foo, bar, etc]

>>> math
<module 'math' (built-in)>
>>> inspect
<module 'inspect' from 'E:\\Python33\\lib\\inspect.py'>

>>> import win32api
>>> inspect.getmembers(win32api, inspect.isfunction)
[]
>>> win32api
<module 'win32api' from 'E:\\Python33\\lib\\site-packages\\win32\\win32api.pyd'>

和往常一样,我假设有一些非常明显的原因,可以解释为什么它没有列出我尝试的一半模块中的所有函数。我能猜测的最好的一点是isfunction()只适用于.py模块?如果有一个与我的愚蠢无关的先天问题,有没有办法纠正这个问题?

这显然是isfunction()的问题,因为getmembers似乎工作正常:

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>>> import math
>>> import inspect
>>> inspect.getmembers(math)
[('__doc__', 'This module is always available.  It provides access to the
mathe
matical functions defined by the C standard.'
), ('__loader__', <class '_frozen_i
mportlib.BuiltinImporter'
>), ('__name__', 'math'), ('__package__', ''), ('acos',
 <built-in function acos>), ('acosh', <built-in function acosh>), ('asin', <buil
t-in function asin>)... foo, bar, etc]

我知道有一个dir()可以使用,但它并没有那么整洁。


C定义函数不是用户定义的function类型的实例;它们是在C中定义的,您可以使用inspect.isbuiltin()

列出模块中所有功能的防错方法是使用inspect.isroutine(),而不是:

Return true if the object is a user-defined or built-in function or method.

math模块演示:

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>>> import inspect
>>> import math
>>> inspect.getmembers(math, inspect.isroutine)
[('acos', <built-in function acos>), ('acosh', <built-in function acosh>), ('asin', <built-in function asin>), ('asinh', <built-in function asinh>), ('atan', <built-in function atan>), ('atan2', <built-in function atan2>), ('atanh', <built-in function atanh>), ('ceil', <built-in function ceil>), ('copysign', <built-in function copysign>), ('cos', <built-in function cos>), ('cosh', <built-in function cosh>), ('degrees', <built-in function degrees>), ('erf', <built-in function erf>), ('erfc', <built-in function erfc>), ('exp', <built-in function exp>), ('expm1', <built-in function expm1>), ('fabs', <built-in function fabs>), ('factorial', <built-in function factorial>), ('floor', <built-in function floor>), ('fmod', <built-in function fmod>), ('frexp', <built-in function frexp>), ('fsum', <built-in function fsum>), ('gamma', <built-in function gamma>), ('hypot', <built-in function hypot>), ('isinf', <built-in function isinf>), ('isnan', <built-in function isnan>), ('ldexp', <built-in function ldexp>), ('lgamma', <built-in function lgamma>), ('log', <built-in function log>), ('log10', <built-in function log10>), ('log1p', <built-in function log1p>), ('modf', <built-in function modf>), ('pow', <built-in function pow>), ('radians', <built-in function radians>), ('sin', <built-in function sin>), ('sinh', <built-in function sinh>), ('sqrt', <built-in function sqrt>), ('tan', <built-in function tan>), ('tanh', <built-in function tanh>), ('trunc', <built-in function trunc>)]

注意每个函数对象的字符串表示形式的built-in部分。

如果inspect.isbuiltin()inspect.isfunction()inspect.ismethod()inspect.ismethoddescriptor()中的一个返回真,则isroutine()返回真。


您是否阅读了isfunction的文档(重点补充):

Return true if the object is a Python function

所以不,它不适用于内置函数。

你可以用inspect.isroutine代替你的测试。这仍然会遗漏定义__call__的对象,这些对象可能是您想要的,也可能不是您想要的。您也可以使用callable进行测试,这也可能是您想要的,也可能不是您想要的。要知道您想要考虑什么类型的对象是"函数",这并不总是一个简单的任务,因为可能有一些对象的作用类似于函数,但实际上不是函数。