关于sql server：如何使用一个SQL查询从数据库中删除所有表？

How to drop all tables from a database with one SQL query?

我不想键入所有表的名称来删除所有表。一个查询可以吗？

使用information_schema.tables视图获取表列表。在select语句中生成drop脚本，并使用动态SQL将其删除：

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系统表版本

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DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX)=''

SELECT @SQL += ' Drop table ' + QUOTENAME(s.NAME) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t.NAME) + '; '
FROM sys.tables t
JOIN sys.schemas s
ON t.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id]
WHERE t.type = 'U'

EXEC sp_executesql @SQL

注意：如果在表之间定义了任何foreign Keys，那么首先运行下面的查询以禁用数据库中的所有foreign Keys。

1	EXEC sp_msforeachtable"ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT all"

有关详细信息，请查看此处。

相关讨论

如果只想使用一个SQL查询删除所有表，则可以使用它

1	EXEC sp_MSforeachtable @command1 ="DROP TABLE ?"

这是SQL Server中的一个隐藏存储过程，将为所连接的数据库中的每个表执行该过程。

注意：在运行上述查询之前，首先检查是否与任何表有外键关系。如果有，那么只需通过运行此查询禁用外键约束即可。

1	EXEC sp_msforeachtable"ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT all"

相关讨论

如果不想键入，可以使用以下命令创建语句：

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USE Databasename

SELECT 'DROP TABLE [' + name + '];'
FROM sys.tables

然后复制并粘贴到一个新的SSMS窗口中以运行它。

相关讨论

您还可以使用以下脚本删除所有内容，包括：

非系统存储过程
意见
功能
外键约束
主键约束
桌子

https://michaelreichenbach.de/how-to-drop-everything-in-a-mssql-database/

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/* Drop all non-system stored procs */
DECLARE @name VARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(254)

SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [TYPE] = 'P' AND category = 0 ORDER BY [name])

WHILE @name IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @SQL = 'DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[' + RTRIM(@name) +']'
EXEC (@SQL)
PRINT 'Dropped Procedure: ' + @name
SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [TYPE] = 'P' AND category = 0 AND [name] > @name ORDER BY [name])
END
GO

/* Drop all views */
DECLARE @name VARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(254)

SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [TYPE] = 'V' AND category = 0 ORDER BY [name])

WHILE @name IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @SQL = 'DROP VIEW [dbo].[' + RTRIM(@name) +']'
EXEC (@SQL)
PRINT 'Dropped View: ' + @name
SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [TYPE] = 'V' AND category = 0 AND [name] > @name ORDER BY [name])
END
GO

/* Drop all functions */
DECLARE @name VARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(254)

SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [TYPE] IN (N'FN', N'IF', N'TF', N'FS', N'FT') AND category = 0 ORDER BY [name])

WHILE @name IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @SQL = 'DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[' + RTRIM(@name) +']'
EXEC (@SQL)
PRINT 'Dropped Function: ' + @name
SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [TYPE] IN (N'FN', N'IF', N'TF', N'FS', N'FT') AND category = 0 AND [name] > @name ORDER BY [name])
END
GO

/* Drop all Foreign Key constraints */
DECLARE @name VARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @CONSTRAINT VARCHAR(254)
DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(254)

SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' ORDER BY TABLE_NAME)

WHILE @name IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @CONSTRAINT = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' AND TABLE_NAME = @name ORDER BY CONSTRAINT_NAME)
WHILE @CONSTRAINT IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @SQL = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[' + RTRIM(@name) +'] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + RTRIM(@CONSTRAINT) +']'
EXEC (@SQL)
PRINT 'Dropped FK Constraint: ' + @CONSTRAINT + ' on ' + @name
SELECT @CONSTRAINT = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME <> @CONSTRAINT AND TABLE_NAME = @name ORDER BY CONSTRAINT_NAME)
END
SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' ORDER BY TABLE_NAME)
END
GO

/* Drop all Primary Key constraints */
DECLARE @name VARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @CONSTRAINT VARCHAR(254)
DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(254)

SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' ORDER BY TABLE_NAME)

WHILE @name IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @CONSTRAINT = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND TABLE_NAME = @name ORDER BY CONSTRAINT_NAME)
WHILE @CONSTRAINT IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @SQL = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[' + RTRIM(@name) +'] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + RTRIM(@CONSTRAINT)+']'
EXEC (@SQL)
PRINT 'Dropped PK Constraint: ' + @CONSTRAINT + ' on ' + @name
SELECT @CONSTRAINT = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME <> @CONSTRAINT AND TABLE_NAME = @name ORDER BY CONSTRAINT_NAME)
END
SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' ORDER BY TABLE_NAME)
END
GO

/* Drop all tables */
DECLARE @name VARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(254)

SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [TYPE] = 'U' AND category = 0 ORDER BY [name])

WHILE @name IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @SQL = 'DROP TABLE [dbo].[' + RTRIM(@name) +']'
EXEC (@SQL)
PRINT 'Dropped Table: ' + @name
SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE [TYPE] = 'U' AND category = 0 AND [name] > @name ORDER BY [name])
END
GO

我只需对@nodisplayname的答案做一个小改动，在TABLE_NAME列上使用QUOTENAME()，还包括TABLE_SCHEMA列，其中包含表不在dbo模式中。

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DECLARE @SQL nvarchar(MAX) = '';

SELECT @SQL += 'DROP TABLE ' + QUOTENAME([TABLE_SCHEMA]) + '.' + QUOTENAME([TABLE_NAME]) + ';'
FROM [INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[TABLES]
WHERE [TABLE_TYPE] = 'BASE TABLE';

EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL;

或者使用sys模式视图(根据@swasheck的注释)：

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DECLARE @SQL nvarchar(MAX) = '';

SELECT @SQL += 'DROP TABLE ' + QUOTENAME([S].[name]) + '.' + QUOTENAME([T].[name]) + ';'
FROM [sys].[TABLES] AS [T]
INNER JOIN [sys].[schemas] AS [S] ON ([T].[schema_id] = [S].[schema_id])
WHERE [T].[TYPE] = 'U' AND [T].[is_ms_shipped] = 0;

EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL;

相关讨论

作为对dave.gugg答案的后续，这是一些人需要获取mysql中所有drop table行的代码：

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SELECT CONCAT('DROP TABLE ', TABLE_NAME, ';')
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.tables
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'your_database_name'

相关讨论

如果其他人对Best Answer的解决方案(包括禁用外键)有问题，我将提供另一个解决方案：

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-- CLEAN DB
USE [DB_NAME]
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?'
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(500) DECLARE @Cursor CURSOR
SET @Cursor = CURSOR FAST_FORWARD FOR
SELECT DISTINCT SQL = 'ALTER TABLE [' + tc2.TABLE_NAME + '] DROP [' + rc1.CONSTRAINT_NAME + ']'
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS rc1
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc2 ON tc2.CONSTRAINT_NAME =rc1.CONSTRAINT_NAME
OPEN @Cursor FETCH NEXT FROM @Cursor INTO @SQL
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS = 0)
BEGIN
EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL
FETCH NEXT FROM @Cursor INTO @SQL
END
CLOSE @Cursor DEALLOCATE @Cursor
GO
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DROP TABLE ?'
GO
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'

对dropall constraints使用以下脚本：

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DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX)=''

SELECT @SQL += ' ALTER TABLE ' + QUOTENAME(TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.'+ QUOTENAME(TABLE_NAME) + ' NOCHECK CONSTRAINT all; '
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'

EXEC Sp_executesql @SQL

然后运行以下命令删除所有表：

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SELECT @SQL='';

SELECT @SQL += ' Drop table ' + QUOTENAME(TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.'+ QUOTENAME(TABLE_NAME) + '; '
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'

EXEC Sp_executesql @SQL

这在我的Azure SQL数据库中很有用，因为'sp_msforeachtable'不可用！

不完全是一个问题，仍然很简短和甜蜜：

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-- Disable all referential integrity constraints
EXEC sp_msforeachtable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
GO

-- Drop all PKs and FKs
DECLARE @SQL nvarchar(MAX)
SELECT @SQL = STUFF((SELECT '; ' + 'ALTER TABLE ' + TABLE_NAME +' drop constraint ' + Constraint_Name FROM Information_Schema.CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE ORDER BY Constraint_Name FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'')
EXECUTE (@SQL)
GO

-- Drop all tables
EXEC sp_msforeachtable 'DROP TABLE ?'
GO

最简单的方法是删除整个数据库，然后再次创建它：

1 2	DROP DATABASE db_name CREATE DATABASE db_name

这就是全部。

相关讨论

我知道这个问题很古老，但每次我需要这个代码时……顺便说一下，如果您有表、视图、函数和过程，您可以通过这个脚本将它们全部删除。所以我为什么要发布这个脚本？？因为如果删除所有表，您将需要删除所有视图，如果您有函数和过程，您也需要删除它。我希望它能帮助别人

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DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX)=''

SELECT @SQL += ' Drop table ' + QUOTENAME(TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.'+ QUOTENAME(TABLE_NAME)
+ '; '
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'

EXEC Sp_executesql @SQL

DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(MAX) = ''
, @crlf VARCHAR(2) = CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) ;

SELECT @SQL = @SQL + 'DROP VIEW ' + QUOTENAME(SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id)) + '.' +
QUOTENAME(v.name) +';' + @crlf
FROM sys.views v

PRINT @SQL;
EXEC(@SQL);

DECLARE @procName VARCHAR(500)
DECLARE cur cursor

FOR SELECT [name] FROM sys.objects WHERE TYPE = 'p'
OPEN cur
fetch NEXT FROM cur INTO @procName
while @@fetch_status = 0
BEGIN
EXEC('drop procedure [' + @procName + ']')
fetch NEXT FROM cur INTO @procName
END
close cur
deallocate cur

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';

SELECT @SQL = @SQL + N' DROP FUNCTION '
+ QUOTENAME(SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id))
+ N'.' + QUOTENAME(name)
FROM sys.objects
WHERE type_desc LIKE '%FUNCTION%';

EXEC sp_executesql @SQL
GO