Python：如何从导入的模块调用类方法？

Python: How to call class method from imported module? “Self” argument issue

我有两个文件。我知道如何调用函数，但无法理解如何正确地从导入的模块调用方法，该模块的第一个参数是"self"。

我得到这个错误：

TypeError: prepare() missing 1 required positional argument: 'url'

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70

cinemas.py

import requests
from lxml.html import fromstring

class cinemas_info():

def __init__(self, url):
self.basic_cinemas_info(url)

def prepare(self, url):

url = requests.get(url)
tree = fromstring(url.text)
tree.make_links_absolute(url.url)
return tree

def basic_cinemas_info(self, url):

tree = self.prepare(url)

for city in tree.xpath(".//div[@class='city-caption']"):
city1 = city.xpath("text()")[0]
for cinema in city.xpath("following-sibling::*[1]/li/a"):
name1 = cinema.xpath("text()")[0]
detailed_url = cinema.xpath("@href")[0]
print (city1.strip(), name1.strip(), ':')
self.detailed_cinemas_info(detailed_url)
self.detailed_cinemas_films(detailed_url)

def detailed_cinemas_info(self, url):

tree = self.prepare(url)

for street in tree.xpath(".//div[@class='address']"):
street1 = street.xpath("text()")[0]
for phone in tree.xpath(".//div[@class='phone']"):
phone1 = phone.xpath("text()")[0]
for website in tree.xpath(".//div[@class='website']/a"):
website1 = website.xpath("@href")[0]
print ('\t', street1.strip(), phone1.strip(), website1.strip())

def detailed_cinemas_films(self, url):

showtimes_tab_url = '/showtimes/#!=&cinema-section=%2Fshowtimes%2F'
tree = self.prepare(url + showtimes_tab_url)

for film in tree.xpath('//div[@class="content"]'):
film_name = film.xpath('.//a[@class="navi"]/text()')[0]
for dates in film.xpath('.//li[contains(@class,"showtimes-day sdt")]'):
film_dates = dates.xpath('.//div[@class="date"]/text()')[0]
for times in dates.xpath('.//ul[@class="showtimes-day-block"]/li'):
film_times = times.xpath('a/text()')

if len(film_times) == 0:
film_times = None

is_3d = times.find('span')
if film_times is not None:
if is_3d is not None:
print(film_dates, film_name, film_times[0], '3D')
else:
print(film_dates, film_name, film_times[0])

if __name__ =="__main__":
cinemas_info('http://vkino.com.ua/cinema/#!=')

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

#films.py

import requests
from cinemas import cinemas_info

def films_list():
url = 'http://vkino.com.ua/afisha#!='
tree = cinemas_info.prepare(url) # <<<----Here is my call

for films in tree.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/div/div[1]/ul[2]/li'):
film_name = films.xpath('.//div[@class="title"]/a/text()')[0]
film_url = films.xpath('.//div[@class="title"]/a/@href')[0]
print(film_name, film_url)

if __name__ =="__main__":
films_list()

我知道我可以将"def prepare"移出类并删除"self"参数，但是我想知道，在类内调用"def prepare"的正确方法是什么。