How to display request headers with command line curl
命令行curl可以使用
curl的
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | $ curl -v http://google.com/ * About to connect() to google.com port 80 (#0) * Trying 66.102.7.104... connected * Connected to google.com (66.102.7.104) port 80 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.16.4 (i386-apple-darwin9.0) libcurl/7.16.4 OpenSSL/0.9.7l zlib/1.2.3 > Host: google.com > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently < Location: http://www.google.com/ < Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 < Date: Thu, 15 Jul 2010 06:06:52 GMT < Expires: Sat, 14 Aug 2010 06:06:52 GMT < Cache-Control: public, max-age=2592000 < Server: gws < Content-Length: 219 < X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block < <HTML><HEAD><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> 301 Moved</HEAD><BODY> 301 Moved The document has moved <A HREF="http://www.google.com/">here</A>. </BODY></HTML> * Connection #0 to host google.com left intact * Closing connection #0 |
1 | curl -sD - -o /dev/null http://example.com |
-s —避免显示进度条-D - —将头转储到文件，但- 将其发送到stdout-o /dev/null —忽略响应体
这比
它比
我相信你要传递给curl的命令行开关是
示例用法：
1 2 3 4 5 6 | $ curl -I http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287 HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:05 GMT Server: Apache Location: http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287/ Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 |
此外，如果您遇到响应HTTP状态代码301，您可能还需要传递一个
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | $ curl -I -L http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287 HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:13 GMT Server: Apache Location: http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287/ Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 HTTP/1.1 302 Found Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:13 GMT Server: Apache Set-Cookie: UID=b8c37e33defde51cf91e1e03e51657da Location: noaccess.php Content-Type: text/html HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:13 GMT Server: Apache Content-Type: text/html |
verbose选项很方便，但是如果您想查看curl所做的一切(包括传输的HTTP主体，而不仅仅是头)，我建议使用以下选项之一：
--trace-ascii - 标准输出--trace-ascii output_file.txt 文件
您可以通过以下命令获得一个很好的头输出：
1 | curl -L -v -s -o /dev/null google.de |
-L, --location 跟踪重定向-v, --verbose 多输出，表示方向-s, --silent 不显示进度条-o, --output /dev/null 不显示接收体
或较短版本：
1 | curl -Lvso /dev/null google.de |
结果：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 | * Rebuilt URL to: google.de/ * Trying 2a00:1450:4008:802::2003... * Connected to google.de (2a00:1450:4008:802::2003) port 80 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: google.de > User-Agent: curl/7.43.0 > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently < Location: http://www.google.de/ < Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 < Date: Fri, 12 Aug 2016 15:45:36 GMT < Expires: Sun, 11 Sep 2016 15:45:36 GMT < Cache-Control: public, max-age=2592000 < Server: gws < Content-Length: 218 < X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block < X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN < * Ignoring the response-body { [218 bytes data] * Connection #0 to host google.de left intact * Issue another request to this URL: 'http://www.google.de/' * Trying 2a00:1450:4008:800::2003... * Connected to www.google.de (2a00:1450:4008:800::2003) port 80 (#1) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: www.google.de > User-Agent: curl/7.43.0 > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Date: Fri, 12 Aug 2016 15:45:36 GMT < Expires: -1 < Cache-Control: private, max-age=0 < Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 < P3P: CP="This is not a P3P policy! See https://www.google.com/support/accounts/answer/151657?hl=en for more info." < Server: gws < X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block < X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN < Set-Cookie: NID=84=Z0WT_INFoDbf_0FIe_uHqzL9mf3DMSQs0mHyTEDAQOGY2sOrQaKVgN2domEw8frXvo4I3x3QVLqCH340HME3t1-6gNu8R-ArecuaneSURXNxSXYMhW2kBIE8Duty-_w7; expires=Sat, 11-Feb-2017 15:45:36 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.de; HttpOnly < Accept-Ranges: none < Vary: Accept-Encoding < Transfer-Encoding: chunked < { [11080 bytes data] * Connection #1 to host www.google.de left intact |
如您所见，
另外，每一行都指示方向，这样便于阅读。我发现追踪一长串的重定向特别有用。
调试Web应用程序时，我必须自己解决这个问题。
1 | curl -v http://example.com/ 2> >(sed '/^*/d') |
这是因为来自
curl的-v选项在错误输出中过于冗长，错误输出包含前导的
1 | curl -v -sS www.stackoverflow.com 2>&1 >/dev/null | grep '>' | cut -c1-2 --complement |
仅获取请求头字段：
1 | curl -v -sS www.stackoverflow.com 2>&1 >/dev/null | grep '<' | cut -c1-2 --complement |
或者用-d选项将其转储到
1 | curl -D /tmp/test.txt -sS www.stackoverflow.com > /dev/null |
为了过滤
像下面这样的命令将显示三个部分：请求头、响应头和数据(由CRLF分隔)。它避免了由curl添加的技术信息和语法噪声。
1 | curl -vs www.stackoverflow.com 2>&1 | sed '/^* /d; /bytes data]$/d; s/> //; s/< //' |
命令将生成以下输出：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.stackoverflow.com User-Agent: curl/7.54.0 Accept: */* HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Location: https://stackoverflow.com/ Content-Length: 149 Accept-Ranges: bytes Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2019 20:28:56 GMT Via: 1.1 varnish Connection: keep-alive X-Served-By: cache-bma1622-BMA X-Cache: MISS X-Cache-Hits: 0 X-Timer: S1547670537.588756,VS0,VE105 Vary: Fastly-SSL X-DNS-Prefetch-Control: off Set-Cookie: prov=e4b211f7-ae13-dad3-9720-167742a5dff8; domain=.stackoverflow.com; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-2055 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; HttpOnly <head>Document Moved</head> <body>Object MovedThis document may be found here</body> |
描述：
-vs —添加头文件(-v)，但删除进度条(-s)2>&1 —将stdout和stderr合并为单个stdoutsed —使用下面的命令编辑curl生成的响应/^* /d -删除以"*"开头的行(技术信息)/bytes data]$/d -删除以"字节数据"结尾的行(技术信息)s/> // -删除">"前缀s/< // -删除'<'前缀
如果你想要更多的选择，你可以尝试安装一个现代的命令行HTTP客户端，比如httpie，它适用于大多数带有包管理器的操作系统，比如brew、apt-get、pip、yum等。
对于OSX
1 | brew install httpie |
然后，您可以在命令行上使用它和各种选项
1 | http GET https://www.google.com |
在PHP中设置卷曲选项
curlinfo_header_out=>真，
1 | CURLOPT_HEADER => 1, |
可能将头结果转储到mysql中。以便于日志记录。
如果使用浏览器比F12/Firebug提供的更详细，也可以使用Wireshark。