在我看来，容器是图像的运行实例。如果容器崩溃，例如运行sudo rm -f /删除所有内容，Docker图像是否仍然正常？

两种情况下对图像都没有影响。如果你通过Docker运行创建新的容器，实际上是新的层

When you create a new container, you add a new, thin, writable layer on top of the underlying stack. This layer is often called the"container layer". All changes made to the running container - such as writing new files, modifying existing files, and deleting files - are written to this thin writable container layer. The diagram below shows a container based on the Ubuntu 15.04 image.
src

这个stackopverflow讨论也可能有帮助：Docker图像与容器