关于android：示例：使用Messaging在Activity和Service之间进行通信


Example: Communication between Activity and Service using Messaging

我找不到任何关于如何在活动和服务之间发送消息的示例，我花了太多时间来解决这个问题。下面是一个供其他人参考的示例项目。

此示例允许您直接启动或停止服务，并分别从服务绑定/取消绑定。当服务运行时，它以10赫兹的频率递增一个数字。如果活动绑定到Service，则显示当前值。数据以整数和字符串的形式传输，因此您可以看到如何以两种不同的方式进行传输。活动中还有一些按钮用于向服务发送消息(按值更改增量)。

截图：

Screenshot of Android service messaging example

androidmanifest.xml：

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="com.exampleservice"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
   
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
                  android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent-filter>
               
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    <service android:name=".MyService"></service>
    </application>
    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
</manifest>

resvaluesstrings.xml：

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string name="app_name">ExampleService</string>
    <string name="service_started">Example Service started</string>
    <string name="service_label">Example Service Label</string>
</resources>

reslayoutmain.xml：

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<RelativeLayout
    android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout01"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnStart"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Start Service">
    </Button>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnStop"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:text="Stop Service">
    </Button>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
    android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout02"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnBind"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Bind to Service">
    </Button>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnUnbind"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:text="Unbind from Service">
    </Button>
</RelativeLayout>

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textStatus"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="Status Goes Here"
    android:textSize="24sp" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textIntValue"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="Integer Value Goes Here"
    android:textSize="24sp" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textStrValue"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="String Value Goes Here"
    android:textSize="24sp" />

<RelativeLayout
    android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout03"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnUpby1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Increment by 1">
    </Button>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnUpby10"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:text="Increment by 10">
    </Button>
</RelativeLayout>

srccom.exampleservicemainactivity.java：

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package com.exampleservice;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    Button btnStart, btnStop, btnBind, btnUnbind, btnUpby1, btnUpby10;
    TextView textStatus, textIntValue, textStrValue;
    Messenger mService = null;
    boolean mIsBound;
    final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());

    class IncomingHandler extends Handler {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
            case MyService.MSG_SET_INT_VALUE:
                textIntValue.setText("Int Message:" + msg.arg1);
                break;
            case MyService.MSG_SET_STRING_VALUE:
                String str1 = msg.getData().getString("str1");
                textStrValue.setText("Str Message:" + str1);
                break;
            default:
                super.handleMessage(msg);
            }
        }
    }
    private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
            mService = new Messenger(service);
            textStatus.setText("Attached.");
            try {
                Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MyService.MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT);
                msg.replyTo = mMessenger;
                mService.send(msg);
            }
            catch (RemoteException e) {
                // In this case the service has crashed before we could even do anything with it
            }
        }

        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
            // This is called when the connection with the service has been unexpectedly disconnected - process crashed.
            mService = null;
            textStatus.setText("Disconnected.");
        }
    };

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        btnStart = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStart);
        btnStop = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStop);
        btnBind = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnBind);
        btnUnbind = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnUnbind);
        textStatus = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textStatus);
        textIntValue = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textIntValue);
        textStrValue = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textStrValue);
        btnUpby1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnUpby1);
        btnUpby10 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnUpby10);

        btnStart.setOnClickListener(btnStartListener);
        btnStop.setOnClickListener(btnStopListener);
        btnBind.setOnClickListener(btnBindListener);
        btnUnbind.setOnClickListener(btnUnbindListener);
        btnUpby1.setOnClickListener(btnUpby1Listener);
        btnUpby10.setOnClickListener(btnUpby10Listener);

        restoreMe(savedInstanceState);

        CheckIfServiceIsRunning();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        outState.putString("textStatus", textStatus.getText().toString());
        outState.putString("textIntValue", textIntValue.getText().toString());
        outState.putString("textStrValue", textStrValue.getText().toString());
    }
    private void restoreMe(Bundle state) {
        if (state!=null) {
            textStatus.setText(state.getString("textStatus"));
            textIntValue.setText(state.getString("textIntValue"));
            textStrValue.setText(state.getString("textStrValue"));
        }
    }
    private void CheckIfServiceIsRunning() {
        //If the service is running when the activity starts, we want to automatically bind to it.
        if (MyService.isRunning()) {
            doBindService();
        }
    }

    private OnClickListener btnStartListener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v){
            startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class));
        }
    };
    private OnClickListener btnStopListener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v){
            doUnbindService();
            stopService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class));
        }
    };
    private OnClickListener btnBindListener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v){
            doBindService();
        }
    };
    private OnClickListener btnUnbindListener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v){
            doUnbindService();
        }
    };
    private OnClickListener btnUpby1Listener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v){
            sendMessageToService(1);
        }
    };
    private OnClickListener btnUpby10Listener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v){
            sendMessageToService(10);
        }
    };
    private void sendMessageToService(int intvaluetosend) {
        if (mIsBound) {
            if (mService != null) {
                try {
                    Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MyService.MSG_SET_INT_VALUE, intvaluetosend, 0);
                    msg.replyTo = mMessenger;
                    mService.send(msg);
                }
                catch (RemoteException e) {
                }
            }
        }
    }


    void doBindService() {
        bindService(new Intent(this, MyService.class), mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        mIsBound = true;
        textStatus.setText("Binding.");
    }
    void doUnbindService() {
        if (mIsBound) {
            // If we have received the service, and hence registered with it, then now is the time to unregister.
            if (mService != null) {
                try {
                    Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MyService.MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT);
                    msg.replyTo = mMessenger;
                    mService.send(msg);
                }
                catch (RemoteException e) {
                    // There is nothing special we need to do if the service has crashed.
                }
            }
            // Detach our existing connection.
            unbindService(mConnection);
            mIsBound = false;
            textStatus.setText("Unbinding.");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        try {
            doUnbindService();
        }
        catch (Throwable t) {
            Log.e("MainActivity","Failed to unbind from the service", t);
        }
    }
}

srccom.exampleservicemyservice.java：

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package com.exampleservice;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyService extends Service {
    private NotificationManager nm;
    private Timer timer = new Timer();
    private int counter = 0, incrementby = 1;
    private static boolean isRunning = false;

    ArrayList<Messenger> mClients = new ArrayList<Messenger>(); // Keeps track of all current registered clients.
    int mValue = 0; // Holds last value set by a client.
    static final int MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT = 1;
    static final int MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT = 2;
    static final int MSG_SET_INT_VALUE = 3;
    static final int MSG_SET_STRING_VALUE = 4;
    final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler()); // Target we publish for clients to send messages to IncomingHandler.


    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mMessenger.getBinder();
    }
    class IncomingHandler extends Handler { // Handler of incoming messages from clients.
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
            case MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT:
                mClients.add(msg.replyTo);
                break;
            case MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT:
                mClients.remove(msg.replyTo);
                break;
            case MSG_SET_INT_VALUE:
                incrementby = msg.arg1;
                break;
            default:
                super.handleMessage(msg);
            }
        }
    }
    private void sendMessageToUI(int intvaluetosend) {
        for (int i=mClients.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
            try {
                // Send data as an Integer
                mClients.get(i).send(Message.obtain(null, MSG_SET_INT_VALUE, intvaluetosend, 0));

                //Send data as a String
                Bundle b = new Bundle();
                b.putString("str1","ab" + intvaluetosend +"cd");
                Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MSG_SET_STRING_VALUE);
                msg.setData(b);
                mClients.get(i).send(msg);

            }
            catch (RemoteException e) {
                // The client is dead. Remove it from the list; we are going through the list from back to front so this is safe to do inside the loop.
                mClients.remove(i);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.i("MyService","Service Started.");
        showNotification();
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask(){ public void run() {onTimerTick();}}, 0, 100L);
        isRunning = true;
    }
    private void showNotification() {
        nm = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        // In this sample, we'll use the same text for the ticker and the expanded notification
        CharSequence text = getText(R.string.service_started);
        // Set the icon, scrolling text and timestamp
        Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.icon, text, System.currentTimeMillis());
        // The PendingIntent to launch our activity if the user selects this notification
        PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this, MainActivity.class), 0);
        // Set the info for the views that show in the notification panel.
        notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.service_label), text, contentIntent);
        // Send the notification.
        // We use a layout id because it is a unique number.  We use it later to cancel.
        nm.notify(R.string.service_started, notification);
    }
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i("MyService","Received start id" + startId +":" + intent);
        return START_STICKY; // run until explicitly stopped.
    }

    public static boolean isRunning()
    {
        return isRunning;
    }


    private void onTimerTick() {
        Log.i("TimerTick","Timer doing work." + counter);
        try {
            counter += incrementby;
            sendMessageToUI(counter);

        }
        catch (Throwable t) { //you should always ultimately catch all exceptions in timer tasks.
            Log.e("TimerTick","Timer Tick Failed.", t);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (timer != null) {timer.cancel();}
        counter=0;
        nm.cancel(R.string.service_started); // Cancel the persistent notification.
        Log.i("MyService","Service Stopped.");
        isRunning = false;
    }
}
相关讨论

查看localservice示例。

您的Service将自己的实例返回给调用onBind的消费者。然后，您可以直接与服务进行交互，例如在服务中注册自己的侦听器接口，这样您就可以得到回调。

相关讨论

对于向服务发送数据，您可以使用：

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Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), YourService.class);
intent.putExtra("SomeData","ItValue");
startService(intent);

在onStartCommand()中服务之后，从intent中获取数据。

用于将数据或事件从服务发送到应用程序(对于一个或多个活动)：

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private void sendBroadcastMessage(String intentFilterName, int arg1, String extraKey) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(intentFilterName);
    if (arg1 != -1 && extraKey != null) {
        intent.putExtra(extraKey, arg1);
    }
    sendBroadcast(intent);
}

此方法正在从您的服务调用。您可以简单地为您的活动发送数据。

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private void someTaskInYourService(){

    //For example you downloading from server 1000 files
    for(int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
        Thread.sleep(5000) // 5 seconds. Catch in try-catch block
        sendBroadCastMessage(Events.UPDATE_DOWNLOADING_PROGRESSBAR, i,0,"up_download_progress");
    }

要接收带有数据的事件，请在活动中创建并注册方法registerBroadcastReceivers()：

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private void registerBroadcastReceivers(){
    broadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            int arg1 = intent.getIntExtra("up_download_progress",0);
            progressBar.setProgress(arg1);
        }
    };
    IntentFilter progressfilter = new IntentFilter(Events.UPDATE_DOWNLOADING_PROGRESS);
    registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver,progressfilter);

为了发送更多的数据，您可以修改方法sendBroadcastMessage();。记住：您必须在onresume()中注册广播，并在onstop()方法中注销广播！

更新

请不要在活动和服务之间使用我的通信类型。这是错误的方法。为了获得更好的体验，请使用特殊的libs，例如：

1)来自GreenRobot的事件总线

2)Otto From Square公司

另外，我只在我的项目中使用绿色机器人的eventbus，

相关讨论

注意：你不需要检查你的服务是否在运行，CheckIfServiceIsRunning()，因为bindService()如果不在运行，就会启动它。

另外：如果你转动手机，你就不想再把它转到bindService()，因为onCreate()会再次被呼叫。一定要定义onConfigurationChanged()，以防止出现这种情况。

相关讨论

一切都很好。很好的例子就是使用messenger进行activity/service通信。

一条注释：方法MyService.isRunning()不是必需的。bindService()可以做任意次数。没什么害处。

如果myservice运行在不同的进程中，那么静态函数MyService.isRunning()将始终返回false。所以不需要这个函数。

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Message msg = Message.obtain(null, 2, 0, 0);
                    Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                    bundle.putString("url", url);
                    bundle.putString("names", names);
                    bundle.putString("captions",captions);
                    msg.setData(bundle);

所以你把它送到服务中心。之后接收。

这就是我如何实现活动->服务通信：在我的活动中

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private static class MyResultReciever extends ResultReceiver {
     /**
     * Create a new ResultReceive to receive results.  Your
     * {@link #onReceiveResult} method will be called from the thread running
     * <var>handler</var> if given, or from an arbitrary thread if null.
     *
     * @param handler
     */
     public MyResultReciever(Handler handler) {
         super(handler);
     }

     @Override
     protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
         if (resultCode == 100) {
             //dostuff
         }
     }

然后我用这个开始服务

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protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
MyResultReciever resultReciever = new MyResultReciever(handler);
        service = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
        service.putExtra("receiver", resultReciever);
        startService(service);
}

在我的服务中

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public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
    if (intent != null)
        resultReceiver = intent.getParcelableExtra("receiver");
    return Service.START_STICKY;
}

希望这有帮助

我看到了所有的答案。我想说一天中最有力的方法。这将使您在Activity - Service - Dialog - Fragments之间进行通信(所有内容)。

事件总线

我在项目中使用的这个lib具有与消息传递相关的强大功能。

事件总线分三步

  • 定义事件：

    public static class MessageEvent { /* Additional fields if needed */ }

  • 准备订阅服务器：

    • 声明和注释订阅方法，可以选择指定线程模式：

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    @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
    public void onMessageEvent(MessageEvent event) {/* Do something */};

    注册并注销订阅服务器。例如，在Android上，活动和片段通常应根据其生命周期进行注册：

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    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
    }

  • 事后事件：

    EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent());

    • 只需在应用程序级别的渐变中添加此依赖项

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    compile 'org.greenrobot:eventbus:3.1.1'

    很好的教程，精彩的演示。整洁、简单、简短、解释性强。不过，notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.service_label), text, contentIntent);方法已经不复存在了。正如特兰特在这里所说，好的方法是：

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    private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 45349;

    private void showNotification() {
        NotificationCompat.Builder builder =
                new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
                        .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                        .setContentTitle("My Notification Title")
                        .setContentText("Something interesting happened");

        Intent targetIntent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
        PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, targetIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
        builder.setContentIntent(contentIntent);
        _nManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        _nManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, builder.build());
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (_timer != null) {_timer.cancel();}
        _counter=0;
        _nManager.cancel(NOTIFICATION_ID); // Cancel the persistent notification.
        Log.i("PlaybackService","Service Stopped.");
        _isRunning = false;
    }

    我检查过，一切都像是一个魅力(活动和服务名称可能与原来不同)。

    在我看来，通过使用"implements handler.callback"声明活动，可以节省一些内存。