public class MyContext : DbContext {
    public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }

    public override int SaveChanges() {
        foreach (var item in ChangeTracker.Entries<IModel>())
            item.Entity.Modified = DateTime.Now;

        return base.SaveChanges();
    }

    public class Initializer : IDatabaseInitializer<MyContext> {
        public void InitializeDatabase(MyContext context) {
            if (context.Database.Exists() && !context.Database.CompatibleWithModel(false))
                context.Database.Delete();

            if (!context.Database.Exists()) {
                context.Database.Create();
                context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("alter table Users add constraint UniqueUserEmail unique (Email)");
            }
        }
    }
}

public class MyRepository : DbContext {
    public DbSet<Whatever> Whatevers { get; set; }

    public class Initializer : IDatabaseInitializer<MyRepository> {
        public void InitializeDatabase(MyRepository context) {
            if (!context.Database.Exists() || !context.Database.ModelMatchesDatabase()) {
                context.Database.DeleteIfExists();
                context.Database.Create();

                context.ObjectContext.ExecuteStoreCommand("CREATE UNIQUE CONSTRAINT...");
                context.ObjectContext.ExecuteStoreCommand("CREATE INDEX...");
                context.ObjectContext.ExecuteStoreCommand("ETC...");
            }
        }
    }
}

[Index(IsUnique = true)]
public string EmailAddress { get; set; }

CreateIndex("TableName", new string[2] {"Column1","Column2" }, true,"IX_UniqueColumn1AndColumn2");

namespace Sample.Migrations
{
    using System;
    using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;

    public partial class TableName_SetUniqueCompositeIndex : DbMigration
    {
        public override void Up()
        {
            CreateIndex("TableName", new[] {"Column1","Column2" }, true,"IX_UniqueColumn1AndColumn2");
        }

        public override void Down()
        {
            DropIndex("TableName", new[] {"Column1","Column2" });
        }
    }
}

Property(s => s.EmailAddress).HasColumnAnnotation(IndexAnnotation.AnnotationName,
new IndexAnnotation(
    new IndexAttribute("IX_UniqueEmail") { IsUnique = true }));

    [System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple=false,Inherited=true)]
public class UniqueAttribute:System.Attribute
{
    private string[] _atts;
    public string[] KeyFields
    {
        get
        {
            return _atts;
        }
    }
    public UniqueAttribute(string keyFields)
    {
        this._atts = keyFields.Split(new char[]{','}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
    }
}

[CustomAttributes.Unique("Name")]
public class Item: BasePOCO
{
    public string Name{get;set;}
    [StringLength(250)]
    public string Description { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public String Category { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string UOM { get; set; }
    [Required]
}

private void ValidateDuplicatedKeys(T entity)
{
    var atts = typeof(T).GetCustomAttributes(typeof(UniqueAttribute), true);
    if (atts == null || atts.Count() < 1)
    {
        return;
    }
    foreach (var att in atts)
    {
        UniqueAttribute uniqueAtt = (UniqueAttribute)att;
        var newkeyValues = from pi in entity.GetType().GetProperties()
                            join k in uniqueAtt.KeyFields on pi.Name equals k
                            select new { KeyField = k, Value = pi.GetValue(entity, null).ToString() };
        foreach (var item in _objectSet)
        {
            var keyValues = from pi in item.GetType().GetProperties()
                            join k in uniqueAtt.KeyFields on pi.Name equals k
                            select new { KeyField = k, Value = pi.GetValue(item, null).ToString() };
            var exists = keyValues.SequenceEqual(newkeyValues);
            if (exists)
            {
                throw new System.Exception("Duplicated Entry found");
            }
        }
    }
}

public class MyDatabaseInitializer : RecreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<MyDbContext>
{
    protected override void Seed(MyDbContext context)
    {
        base.Seed(context);
        context.Database.Connection.StateChange += new StateChangeEventHandler(Connection_StateChange);
    }

    void Connection_StateChange(object sender, StateChangeEventArgs e)
    {
        DbConnection cnn = sender as DbConnection;

        if (e.CurrentState == ConnectionState.Open)
        {
            // execute SQL to create indexes and such
        }

        cnn.StateChange -= Connection_StateChange;
    }
}

[Unique]
[MaxLength(450)] // nvarchar(450) is max allowed to be in a key
public string Name { get; set; }

[Unique(Name="UniqueValuePairConstraint", Position=1)]
public int Value1 { get; set; }
[Unique(Name="UniqueValuePairConstraint", Position=2)]
public int Value2 { get; set; }

/// <summary>
/// The unique attribute. Use to mark a field as unique. The
/// <see cref="DatabaseInitializer"/> looks for this attribute to
/// create unique constraints in tables.
/// </summary>
internal class UniqueAttribute : Attribute
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the name of the unique constraint. A name will be
    /// created for unnamed unique constraints. You must name your
    /// constraint if you want multiple fields in the constraint. If your
    /// constraint has only one field, then this property can be ignored.
    /// </summary>
    public string Name { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the position of the field in the constraint, lower
    /// numbers come first. The order is undefined for two fields with
    /// the same position. The default position is 0.
    /// </summary>
    public int Position { get; set; }
}

public static class Extensions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Get a table name for a class using a DbContext.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="context">
    /// The context.
    /// </param>
    /// <param name="type">
    /// The class to look up the table name for.
    /// </param>
    /// <returns>
    /// The table name; null on failure;
    /// </returns>
    /// <remarks>
    /// <para>
    /// Like:
    /// <wyn>
    ///   DbContext context = ...;
    ///   string table = context.GetTableName&lt;Foo&gt;();
    /// </wyn>
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// This code uses ObjectQuery.ToTraceString to generate an SQL
    /// select statement for an entity, and then extract the table
    /// name from that statement.
    /// </para>
    /// </remarks>
    public static string GetTableName(this DbContext context, Type type)
    {
        return ((IObjectContextAdapter)context)
               .ObjectContext.GetTableName(type);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Get a table name for a class using an ObjectContext.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="context">
    /// The context.
    /// </param>
    /// <param name="type">
    /// The class to look up the table name for.
    /// </param>
    /// <returns>
    /// The table name; null on failure;
    /// </returns>
    /// <remarks>
    /// <para>
    /// Like:
    /// <wyn>
    ///   ObjectContext context = ...;
    ///   string table = context.GetTableName&lt;Foo&gt;();
    /// </wyn>
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// This code uses ObjectQuery.ToTraceString to generate an SQL
    /// select statement for an entity, and then extract the table
    /// name from that statement.
    /// </para>
    /// </remarks>
    public static string GetTableName(this ObjectContext context, Type type)
    {
        var genericTypes = new[] { type };
        var takesNoParameters = new Type[0];
        var noParams = new object[0];
        object objectSet = context.GetType()
                            .GetMethod("CreateObjectSet", takesNoParameters)
                            .MakeGenericMethod(genericTypes)
                            .Invoke(context, noParams);
        var sql = (string)objectSet.GetType()
                  .GetMethod("ToTraceString", takesNoParameters)
                  .Invoke(objectSet, noParams);
        Match match =
            Regex.Match(sql, @"FROM\s+(.*)\s+AS", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
        return match.Success ? match.Groups[1].Value : null;
    }
}

/// <summary>
///     The database initializer.
/// </summary>
public class DatabaseInitializer : IDatabaseInitializer<PedContext>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Initialize the database.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="context">
    /// The context.
    /// </param>
    public void InitializeDatabase(FooContext context)
    {
        // if the database has changed, recreate it.
        if (context.Database.Exists()
            && !context.Database.CompatibleWithModel(false))
        {
            context.Database.Delete();
        }

        if (!context.Database.Exists())
        {
            context.Database.Create();

            // Look for database tables in the context. Tables are of
            // type DbSet<>.
            foreach (PropertyInfo contextPropertyInfo in
                     context.GetType().GetProperties())
            {
                var contextPropertyType = contextPropertyInfo.PropertyType;
                if (contextPropertyType.IsGenericType
                    && contextPropertyType.Name.Equals("DbSet`1"))
                {
                    Type tableType =
                        contextPropertyType.GetGenericArguments()[0];
                    var tableName = context.GetTableName(tableType);
                    foreach (var uc in UniqueConstraints(tableType, tableName))
                    {
                        context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(uc);
                    }
                }
            }

            // this is a good place to seed the database
            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Get a list of TSQL commands to create unique constraints on the given
    /// table. Looks through the table for fields with the UniqueAttribute
    /// and uses those and the table name to build the TSQL strings.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="tableClass">
    /// The class that expresses the database table.
    /// </param>
    /// <param name="tableName">
    /// The table name in the database.
    /// </param>
    /// <returns>
    /// The list of TSQL statements for altering the table to include unique
    /// constraints.
    /// </returns>
    private static IEnumerable<string> UniqueConstraints(
        Type tableClass, string tableName)
    {
        // the key is the name of the constraint and the value is a list
        // of (position,field) pairs kept in order of position - the entry
        // with the lowest position is first.
        var uniqueConstraints =
            new Dictionary<string, List<Tuple<int, string>>>();
        foreach (PropertyInfo entityPropertyInfo in tableClass.GetProperties())
        {
            var unique = entityPropertyInfo.GetCustomAttributes(true)
                         .OfType<UniqueAttribute>().FirstOrDefault();
            if (unique != null)
            {
                string fieldName = entityPropertyInfo.Name;

                // use the name field in the UniqueAttribute or create a
                // name if none is given
                string constraintName = unique.Name
                                        ?? string.Format(
                                           "constraint_{0}_unique_{1}",
                                            tableName
                                               .Replace("[", string.Empty)
                                               .Replace("]", string.Empty)
                                               .Replace(".","_"),
                                            fieldName);

                List<Tuple<int, string>> constraintEntry;
                if (!uniqueConstraints.TryGetValue(
                        constraintName, out constraintEntry))
                {
                    uniqueConstraints.Add(
                        constraintName,
                        new List<Tuple<int, string>>
                        {
                            new Tuple<int, string>(
                                unique.Position, fieldName)
                        });
                }
                else
                {
                    // keep the list of fields in order of position
                    for (int i = 0; ; ++i)
                    {
                        if (i == constraintEntry.Count)
                        {
                            constraintEntry.Add(
                                new Tuple<int, string>(
                                    unique.Position, fieldName));
                            break;
                        }

                        if (unique.Position < constraintEntry[i].Item1)
                        {
                            constraintEntry.Insert(
                                i,
                                new Tuple<int, string>(
                                    unique.Position, fieldName));
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return
            uniqueConstraints.Select(
                uc =>
                string.Format(
                   "ALTER TABLE {0} ADD CONSTRAINT {1} UNIQUE ({2})",
                    tableName,
                    uc.Key,
                    string.Join(",", uc.Value.Select(v => v.Item2))));
    }
}

    Public Property SampleId As Integer

    <Required>
    <MinLength(1),MaxLength(200)>

    Public Property Code() As String

Public Partial Class _1
    Inherits DbMigration

    Public Overrides Sub Up()
        CreateIndex("dbo.Sample","Code", unique:=True, name:="IX_Sample_Code")
    End Sub

    Public Overrides Sub Down()
        'DropIndex if you need it
    End Sub

End Class

<AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple:=False, Inherited:=True)> _
Public Class UniqueAttribute
    Inherits Attribute

End Class

<Table("Person")> _
Public Class Person

    <Unique()> _
    Public Property Username() As String

End Class

Imports System.Data.Entity
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations

Public Class DatabaseInitializer
    Implements IDatabaseInitializer(Of DBContext)

    Public Sub InitializeDatabase(context As DBContext) Implements IDatabaseInitializer(Of DBContext).InitializeDatabase
        Dim t As Type
        Dim tableName As String
        Dim fieldName As String

        If Debugger.IsAttached AndAlso context.Database.Exists AndAlso Not context.Database.CompatibleWithModel(False) Then
            context.Database.Delete()
        End If

        If Not context.Database.Exists Then
            context.Database.Create()

            For Each pi As PropertyInfo In GetType(DBContext).GetProperties
                If pi.PropertyType.IsGenericType AndAlso _
                    pi.PropertyType.Name.Contains("DbSet") Then

                    t = pi.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments(0)

                    tableName = t.GetCustomAttributes(True).OfType(Of TableAttribute).FirstOrDefault.Name
                    For Each piEntity In t.GetProperties
                        If piEntity.GetCustomAttributes(True).OfType(Of Model.UniqueAttribute).Any Then

                            fieldName = piEntity.Name
                            context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("ALTER TABLE" & tableName &" ADD CONSTRAINT con_Unique_" & tableName &"_" & fieldName &" UNIQUE (" & fieldName &")")

                        End If
                    Next
                End If
            Next

        End If

    End Sub

End Class

this.Sql("CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_unique_username ON dbo.Users(Username) WHERE Username IS NOT NULL;");

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
public class UniqueAttribute : System.Attribute { }

[Unique]
public string EmailAddress { get; set; }

public class DbInitializer : IDatabaseInitializer<DbContext>
{
    public void InitializeDatabase(DbContext db)
    {
        if (db.Database.Exists() && !db.Database.CompatibleWithModel(false))
        {
            db.Database.Delete();
        }

        if (!db.Database.Exists())
        {
            db.Database.Create();
            CreateUniqueIndexes(db);
        }
    }

    private static void CreateUniqueIndexes(DbContext db)
    {
        var props = from p in typeof(AppDbContext).GetProperties()
                    where p.PropertyType.IsGenericType
                       && p.PropertyType.GetGenericTypeDefinition()
                       == typeof(DbSet<>)
                    select p;

        foreach (var prop in props)
        {
            var type = prop.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments()[0];
            var fields = from p in type.GetProperties()
                         where p.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(UniqueAttribute),
                                                     true).Any()
                         select p.Name;

            foreach (var field in fields)
            {
                const string sql ="ALTER TABLE dbo.[{0}] ADD CONSTRAINT"
                                 +" [UK_dbo.{0}_{1}] UNIQUE ([{1}])";
                var command = String.Format(sql, type.Name, field);
                db.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(command);
            }
        }
    }  
}

Database.SetInitializer(new DbInitializer());

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions;
using System.Data.Entity.Validation;
using System.Linq;

namespace MvcEfClient.Models
{
    public class Location
    {
        [Key]
        public int LocationId { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [StringLength(50)]
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

    public class CommitteeMeetingContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();
        }

        protected override DbEntityValidationResult ValidateEntity(DbEntityEntry entityEntry, IDictionary<object, object> items)
        {
            List<DbValidationError> validationErrors = new List<DbValidationError>();

            // Check for duplicate location names

            if (entityEntry.Entity is Location)
            {
                Location location = entityEntry.Entity as Location;

                // Select the existing location

                var existingLocation = (from l in Locations
                                        where l.Name == location.Name && l.LocationId != location.LocationId
                                        select l).FirstOrDefault();

                // If there is an existing location, throw an error

                if (existingLocation != null)
                {
                    validationErrors.Add(new DbValidationError("Name","There is already a location with the name '" + location.Name +"'"));
                    return new DbEntityValidationResult(entityEntry, validationErrors);
                }
            }

            return base.ValidateEntity(entityEntry, items);
        }

        public DbSet<Location> Locations { get; set; }
    }
}

public class Person : IValidatableObject
{
    public virtual int ID { get; set; }
    public virtual string Name { get; set; }


    public IEnumerable<ValidationResult> Validate(ValidationContext validationContext)
    {
        var field = new[] {"Name" }; // Must be the same as the property

        PFContext db = new PFContext();

        Person person = validationContext.ObjectInstance as Person;

        var existingPerson = db.Persons.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Name == person.Name);

        if (existingPerson != null)
        {
            yield return new ValidationResult("That name is already in the db", field);
        }
    }
}

protected override DbEntityValidationResult ValidateEntity(DbEntityEntry entityEntry, IDictionary<object, object> items) {
   var validation_state = base.ValidateEntity(entityEntry, items);
   if (entityEntry.Entity is User) {
       var entity = (User)entityEntry.Entity;
       var set = Users;

       //check name unique
       if (!(set.Any(any_entity => any_entity.Name == entity.Name))) {} else {
           validation_state.ValidationErrors.Add(new DbValidationError("Name","The Name field must be unique."));
       }
   }
   return validation_state;
}

using (TransactionScope transaction = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required)) {
   ((IObjectContextAdapter)data_context).ObjectContext.Connection.Open();
   data_context.SaveChanges();
   transaction.Complete();
}

Public Sub InitializeDatabase(context As MyDB) Implements IDatabaseInitializer(Of MyDB).InitializeDatabase
    If context.Database.CreateIfNotExists Then
        Dim ws = DirectCast(context, System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.IObjectContextAdapter).ObjectContext.MetadataWorkspace
        Dim oSpace = ws.GetItemCollection(Core.Metadata.Edm.DataSpace.OSpace)
        Dim entityTypes = oSpace.GetItems(Of EntityType)()
        Dim entityContainer = ws.GetItems(Of EntityContainer)(DataSpace.CSpace).Single()
        Dim entityMapping = ws.GetItems(Of EntityContainerMapping)(DataSpace.CSSpace).Single.EntitySetMappings
        Dim associations = ws.GetItems(Of EntityContainerMapping)(DataSpace.CSSpace).Single.AssociationSetMappings
        For Each setType In entityTypes
           Dim cSpaceEntitySet = entityContainer.EntitySets.SingleOrDefault( _
              Function(t) t.ElementType.Name = setType.Name)
           If cSpaceEntitySet Is Nothing Then Continue For ' Derived entities will be skipped
           Dim sSpaceEntitySet = entityMapping.Single(Function(t) t.EntitySet Is cSpaceEntitySet)
           Dim tableInfo As MappingFragment
           If sSpaceEntitySet.EntityTypeMappings.Count = 1 Then
              tableInfo = sSpaceEntitySet.EntityTypeMappings.Single.Fragments.Single
           Else
              ' Select only the mapping (esp. PropertyMappings) for the base class
              tableInfo = sSpaceEntitySet.EntityTypeMappings.Where(Function(m) m.IsOfEntityTypes.Count _
                 = 1 AndAlso m.IsOfEntityTypes.Single.Name Is setType.Name).Single().Fragments.Single
           End If
           Dim tableName = If(tableInfo.StoreEntitySet.Table, tableInfo.StoreEntitySet.Name)
           Dim schema = tableInfo.StoreEntitySet.Schema
           Dim clrType = Type.GetType(setType.FullName)
           Dim uniqueCols As IList(Of String) = Nothing
           For Each propMap In tableInfo.PropertyMappings.OfType(Of ScalarPropertyMapping)()
              Dim clrProp = clrType.GetProperty(propMap.Property.Name)
              If Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(clrProp, GetType(UniqueAttribute)) IsNot Nothing Then
                 If uniqueCols Is Nothing Then uniqueCols = New List(Of String)
                 uniqueCols.Add(propMap.Column.Name)
              End If
           Next
           For Each navProp In setType.NavigationProperties
              Dim clrProp = clrType.GetProperty(navProp.Name)
              If Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(clrProp, GetType(UniqueAttribute)) IsNot Nothing Then
                 Dim assocMap = associations.SingleOrDefault(Function(a) _
                    a.AssociationSet.ElementType.FullName = navProp.RelationshipType.FullName)
                 Dim sProp = assocMap.Conditions.Single
                 If uniqueCols Is Nothing Then uniqueCols = New List(Of String)
                 uniqueCols.Add(sProp.Column.Name)
              End If
           Next
           If uniqueCols IsNot Nothing Then
              Dim propList = uniqueCols.ToArray()
              context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IX_" & tableName &"_" & String.Join("_", propList) _
                 &" ON" & schema &"." & tableName &"(" & String.Join(",", propList) &")")
           End If
        Next
    End If
End Sub

var indexAttribute = new IndexAttribute("IX_name", 1) {IsUnique = true};

Property(i => i.Name).HasColumnAnnotation("Index",new IndexAnnotation(indexAttribute));