关于类：Python错误：缺少1个必需的位置参数：’self’

Python error: missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'

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我对python是个新手，我正在努力学习如何使用类。有人知道这怎么不管用吗？任何关于关键字"self"的额外提示都将非常感谢。

代码：

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class Enemy:
life = 3

def attack(self):
print('ouch!')
self.life -= 1

def checkLife(self):
if self.life <= 0:
print('I am dead')
else:
print(str(self.life) +"life left")

enemy1 = Enemy
enemy1.attack()
enemy1.checkLife()

错误：

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C:\Users\Liam\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\python.exe C:/Users/Liam/PycharmProjects/YouTube/first.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File"C:/Users/Liam/PycharmProjects/YouTube/first.py", line 16, in <module>
enemy1.attack()
TypeError: attack() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'

Process finished with exit code 1