关于oop：如何添加方法覆盖＆amp;

How to add method overriding & overloading to Bank Account in Python Tkinter

我对python非常陌生，更不用说Tkinter了，我正在创建一个面向对象的银行帐户，我有一个工作程序，但是在设计我计划将OOP的所有特性添加到代码中的应用程序时，我如何在保持其全部功能的同时向该程序添加方法重写和重载？给出你的见解。

银行账户代码

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from tkinter import *
from random import randint
import time

class Account:
def __init__(self, init_balance=0):
self.balance = init_balance
def deposit(self, amount):
self.balance += amount
def withdraw(self, amount):
self.balance -= amount
def get_balance(self, init_balance, rate):
return self.get_balance() * self._rate

class InterestAccount(Account):
def __init__(self, init_balance=0, rate=0.1):
super().__init__(init_balance)
self._rate = rate
def interest(self):
return self.balance * self._rate

class GUI(Tk):
def __init__(self):
Tk.__init__(self)
self.title('Bank Account')

#Menu#
menu = Menu(self)
acct_type_menu = Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label='Account Type', menu=acct_type_menu)
acct_type_menu.add_command(label='Standard', command=self.set_type_standard)
acct_type_menu.add_command(label='Interest', command=self.set_type_interest)
self.config(menu=menu)

#Account#
start_balance = randint(100, 500)
self.acct = Account(start_balance)
self.my_interest = InterestAccount(start_balance)
self.interest = self.my_interest.balance + self.my_interest.interest()

#Labels#
Label(self, text='Current Balance:').pack()
self.balance_label = Label(self, text='Error: Select account type')
self.balance_label.pack()

#Button#
btns_frame = Frame(self)
btns_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=X)

Button(btns_frame, text='Deposit', width=13, command=self.deposit).pack(side=LEFT)
Button(btns_frame, text='Withdraw', width=13, command=self.withdraw).pack(side=RIGHT)

#Textbox#

vcmd = (self.register(self.onValidate), '%S')
self.text = Entry(self, validate='key', vcmd=vcmd)
self.text.pack()

def onValidate(self, S):
if S in '0123456789.':
return True
return False

def set_type_standard(self):
self.acct_type = 'standard'
self.balance_label.config(text=round(self.acct.balance, 2))

def set_type_interest(self):
self.acct_type = 'interest'
self.balance_label.config(text=round(self.interest, 2))

def clear_entry(self):
self.text.delete(0, END)

def deposit(self):
if self.acct_type == 'interest':
a = int(self.text.get())
self.interest += a
self.balance_label.config(text=round(self.interest, 2))
elif self.acct_type == 'standard':
a = int(self.text.get())
self.acct.balance += a
self.balance_label.config(text=round(self.acct.balance, 2))
else:
self.balance_label.config(text='Error: Select account type')
self.clear_entry()

def withdraw(self):
if self.acct_type == 'interest':
a = int(self.text.get())
self.interest -= a
self.balance_label.config(text=round(self.interest, 2))
elif self.acct_type == 'standard':
a = int(self.text.get())
self.acct.balance -= a
self.balance_label.config(text=round(self.acct.balance, 2))
else:
self.balance_label.config(text='Error: Select account type')
self.clear_entry()

if __name__ == '__main__':
GUI().mainloop()

相关讨论

Function overloading (also method overloading) is a programming concept that allows programmers to define two or more functions with the same name and in the same scope.

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您的代码中已经有了一些"重载"：

1 2	class InterestAccount(Account): def __init__(self, init_balance=0, rate=0.1):

在创建新的InterestAccount对象时，由于指定了这些默认值，可以使用0、1或2参数调用它。正如在这样的回答中提到的，Python是动态类型的，所以不需要用与爪哇中不同的参数创建多个相同的方法。

Overriding is an object-oriented programming feature that enables a child class to provide different implementation for a method that is already defined and/or implemented in its parent class...

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您有很好的机会在您的InterestAccount类中重写deposit和withdraw方法，因为它继承了Account并使用其父级的这些方法实现。只需在你的InterestAccount类中定义deposit和withdraw方法，但是做一些与父类不同的事情。