关于python：Pygame精灵-获取rect碰撞面

Pygame sprites - get the rect collision side

我是pygame的新手，我正在尝试获取基本知识。我想创建障碍物并检测玩家矩形(代表精灵的碰撞盒)的哪一侧与障碍物矩形碰撞。这样，我就可以在游戏中创建基础物理。

这是我所做的：

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import pygame

class Player (pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, s=100):
super(Player,self).__init__()
self.image = pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load("player.png"), (s, s))
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x = x
self.rect.y = y

class Block (pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x=0, y=500, s=100):
super(Block, self).__init__()
self.image = pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load("wall.png"),(s, s))
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x = x
self.rect.y = y

pygame.init()

display = pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))

player = Player()
block = Block()

sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
living = pygame.sprite.Group()
noliving = pygame.sprite.Group()

sprites.add(player)
sprites.add(block)
living.add(player)
noliving.add(block)

gravity = 1

xCh = 0
yCh = 0

speed = 1

while True:

display.fill((159, 159, 159))

for liv in living:
for noliv in noliving:
if(not pygame.sprite.collide_rect(liv, noliv)):
player.rect.y += gravity

for event in pygame.event.get():
if(event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN):
if(event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE):
quit()
elif(event.key == pygame.K_a or event.key == pygame.K_LEFT):
xCh = -speed
elif(event.key == pygame.K_d or event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT):
xCh = speed
elif(event.type == pygame.KEYUP):
xCh = 0
yCh = 0
elif(event.type == pygame.QUIT):
quit()

player.rect.x += xCh

sprites.draw(display)

pygame.display.update()

玩家触摸该块时会停止掉落，但是如果我向左或向右走然后进入该块，则玩家会直接进入该块并停止从此处掉落。我希望玩家无法通过障碍。怎么做？

这是您的代码，其中包含建议的修复程序以及其他一些改进建议。

首先，第一件事：问题是您从未检查过水平移动是否会使块碰撞。您只进行了一次检查，实际上它仅在发生任何碰撞后才执行任何操作。并且在这种情况下，它将防止"重力"做任何事情。由于您要逐像素更新播放器，因此实际上几乎没有注意到碰撞的发生。解决方法是创建一个检查，以验证移动的块是否可以移动到某个位置，然后才允许移动。并为所有运动做这些，而不仅仅是重力运动。

因此，在这里，我将解释可以使此示例代码演变为完整游戏的改进。

在模块级别消除"浮动代码"，并将所有内容放入函数中。这对于将来拥有甚至与起始屏幕(可能还有"再次播放"屏幕)一样简单的任何游戏来说都是至关重要的。我做了两个功能，一个创建设置
您的游戏环境并创建您的对象，以及主要的游戏功能。您应该在将来进一步分开"设置"阶段，
能够创建更多游戏对象或不同的游戏级别。

重用您的代码。您的__init__方法中的行在两个类之间大多重复，但是包含初始位置和图像名称常量。因此，您实际上只需要一个类，并为这些属性传递不同的值。既然您暗示通过使用组等，您将拥有两种不同的游戏对象类型，因此我保留了这两个类，但排除了通用代码。

帧延迟：您的代码将简单地"尽可能快地"移动-这将在不同的计算机上创建不同的游戏速度，并使用100％的CPU-导致可能的计算机速度降低和功耗过多。我提供了30ms的硬编码暂停-这将使您的游戏以接近30FPS的速度移动，并在不同设备上保持稳定的速度。另一个需要进行的更改是您的重力和速度的硬编码" 1"值，这会使玩家一次移动1px，必须更改为更大的值。

最后但并非最不重要的一点是"我可以移动到那里"的逻辑：它实际上似乎很广泛-但可以理解，"可以使该对象移动到该位置"检查的纯英文描述很冗长。该方法实质上是："存储当前位置"。"用给定的x和y位移在位置上假"。"检查我是否与某物发生碰撞"。"如果没有，请恢复先前的位置，并说允许移动"。"否则，请恢复y位置，检查是否在X方向上发生碰撞，如果有，则限制水平移动"。"恢复x位置，将y位置移动所需的量，检查是否发生碰撞。如果发生，则限制在y方向上的移动"。"如果运动不受x或y的限制，则只是组合运动会导致碰撞：限制两个方向的运动都是公平的"。"还原原始位置，返回允许的x和y位置更改，以及我们要与之碰撞的对象"。所有这些逻辑都放在"活动"对象类内部，因此可以随时使用，只要在主游戏逻辑中使用一行代码即可。

码：

import pygame

class GameObject(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, s=100, image=""):
super(GameObject, self).__init__()
if not image:
image = self.image
self.image = pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load(image), (s, s))
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x = x
self.rect.y = y

class Player(GameObject):
image ="player.png"

def can_move(self, xCh, yCh, group):
old_pos = self.rect.x, self.rect.y
self.rect.x += xCh
self.rect.y += yCh
collided_with = pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self, group)
if not collided_with:
# No Collisions at all - allow movement
self.rect.x = old_pos[0]
self.rect.y = old_pos[1]
return True, xCh, yCh, None
# Check if the colision was due to horizontal movement:
self.rect.y = old_pos[1]
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self, group):
# Yes, then indicate horizontal movement should be 0
xCh = 0

# check if collision was due to vertical movement:
self.rect.y += yCh
self.rect.x = old_pos[0]

if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self, group):
# Yes - indicate vertical movemnt should be 0
yCh = 0

# if only diagonal movement causes collision, then
# cancel movrment in both axes:
# (i.e. just the diagonal movement would hit the
# obstacle )
if not xCh == 0 and not yCh == 0:
xCh = 0
yCh = 0

self.rect.x = old_pos[0]
self.rect.y = old_pos[1]
return False, xCh, yCh, collided_with

class Block(GameObject):
image ="wall.png"

def setup():
global display, player, living, noliving, gravity, speed, sprites
pygame.init()

display = pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))

player = Player()
block = Block(y=500)

sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
living = pygame.sprite.Group()
noliving = pygame.sprite.Group()

sprites.add(player)
sprites.add(block)
living.add(player)
noliving.add(block)

gravity = 10
speed = 10

def main():
xCh = 0
yCh = 0
while True:

display.fill((159, 159, 159))

for event in pygame.event.get():
if(event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN):
if(event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE):
quit()
elif(event.key == pygame.K_a or event.key == pygame.K_LEFT):
xCh = -speed
elif(event.key == pygame.K_d or event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT):
xCh = speed
elif(event.type == pygame.KEYUP):
xCh = 0
yCh = 0
elif(event.type == pygame.QUIT):
quit()

yCh = gravity

for liv in living:
if liv == player:
check_x_ch = xCh
else:
check_x_ch = 0
can_move, xCh, yCh, obstacle = liv.can_move(xCh, yCh, noliving)

liv.rect.x += xCh
liv.rect.y += yCh

# Do other actions if"can_move" indicates a block was hit...

sprites.draw(display)

pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.delay(30)

setup()
main()

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它的最新版本是这样的：

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import pygame

class GameObj(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, image, x, y, s):
super(GameObj, self).__init__()
self.image = pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load("img/"+ image), (s, s))
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x = x
self.rect.y = y

class Player(GameObj):

leftUnable = False
rightUnable = False

jumpHeight = 200
jumpSpeed = 5

image ="player.png"
inAir = True
def __init__(self, x, y, s=100):
super(Player,self).__init__(self.image, x, y, s)

class Block(GameObj):
image ="wall.png"
def __init__(self, x, y, s=100):
super(Block, self).__init__(self.image, x, y, s)

def collideNum(sprite, group):
total = 0
for member in group:
if(pygame.sprite.collide_rect(sprite, member)):
total += 1

return total

def setup():
pygame.init()

global display, player, block, sprites, living, noliving, clock

display = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption("Test")

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

player = Player(100, 0)
block = Block(100, 300)
block1 = Block(200, 400)
block2 = Block(400, 400)

sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
living = pygame.sprite.Group()
noliving = pygame.sprite.Group()

noliving.add(block)
noliving.add(block1)
noliving.add(block2)

living.add(player)

for liv in living:
sprites.add(liv)

for noliv in noliving:
sprites.add(noliv)

main()

def main():
speed = 5
gravity = 5

xCh, yCh = 0, 0

player.leftUnable = False
player.rightUnable = False

while True:
clock.tick(60)

display.fill((184, 184, 184))

yCh = gravity

for event in pygame.event.get():
if(event.type == pygame.QUIT):
quit()
elif(event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN):
if(event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE):
quit()
elif((event.key == pygame.K_a or event.key == pygame.K_LEFT) and not player.leftUnable):
for noliv in noliving:
if(pygame.sprite.collide_rect(player, noliv)):
if(noliv.rect.left < player.rect.left < noliv.rect.right and player.rect.bottom > noliv.rect.top + 5):
player.leftUnable = True
break
else:
xCh = -speed
player.leftUnable = False

else:
xCh = -speed
player.leftUnable = False

elif((event.key == pygame.K_d or event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT) and not player.rightUnable):
for noliv in noliving:
if(pygame.sprite.collide_rect(player, noliv)):
if(noliv.rect.left < player.rect.right < noliv.rect.right and player.rect.bottom > noliv.rect.top + 5):
player.rightUnable = True
break
else:
xCh = speed
player.rightUnable = False

else:
xCh = speed
player.rightUnable = False
elif(event.key == pygame.K_SPACE or event.key == pygame.K_w or event.key == pygame.K_UP):
oldPos = player.rect.bottom
xCh = 0
if(not player.inAir):
while player.rect.bottom > oldPos - player.jumpHeight:
clock.tick(60)
display.fill((184, 184, 184))

for ev in pygame.event.get():
if(ev.type == pygame.KEYDOWN):
if(ev.key == pygame.K_d or ev.key == pygame.K_RIGHT):
xCh = speed
elif(ev.key == pygame.K_a or ev.key == pygame.K_LEFT):
xCh = -speed
elif(ev.type == pygame.KEYUP):
xCh = 0

player.rect.x += xCh

player.rect.y -= player.jumpSpeed
player.inAir = True

sprites.draw(display)
pygame.display.update()
elif(event.type == pygame.KEYUP):
xCh = 0

for liv in living:
for noliv in noliving:
if(pygame.sprite.collide_rect(liv, noliv)):
liv.inAir = False
break
else:
liv.inAir = True

for noliv in noliving:
if(pygame.sprite.collide_rect(player, noliv)):
if(noliv.rect.left < player.rect.left < noliv.rect.right and player.rect.bottom > noliv.rect.top + 5):
player.leftUnable = True
if(collideNum(player, noliving) == 1):
player.inAir = True
if(xCh < 0):
xCh = 0
elif(noliv.rect.left < player.rect.right < noliv.rect.right and player.rect.bottom > noliv.rect.top + 5):
player.rightUnable = True
if(collideNum(player, noliving) == 1):
player.inAir = True
if(xCh > 0):
xCh = 0
else:
player.leftUnable = False
player.rightUnable = False
else:
player.leftUnable = False
player.rightUnable = False

if(not player.inAir):
yCh = 0

if(player.rect.top > display.get_size()[1]):
setup()

player.rect.x += xCh
player.rect.y += yCh

sprites.draw(display)
pygame.display.update()

setup()

运行良好。