关于c＃：如何在2D WPF游戏中刷新UI最聪明？

How do I refresh the UI smartest in a 2D WPF game?

我正在为WPF(以及后来的UWP)创建一个游戏引擎。我试图从DispatcherTimer移至StopWatch，以使游戏的速度保持恒定(因为如果游戏中有太多对象，DispatcherTimer会跳过转弯)。

我可以使用StopWatch编写用于正确更新游戏的代码(也就是说，当我检查自上次更新以来传递的滴答声或ms时，我的游戏对象的速度和位置可以正确计算)，但是当我将DispatcherTimer的滴答事件替换为简单的while循环和对屏幕绘制方法的调用，GUI将永远不会重绘。

我知道有几种方法可以强制重新绘制窗口，但是在WPF中进行2D游戏的最佳选择是什么？我只是在寻找一种简单而有效的方法，而又不会带来很多麻烦。它并不一定要超级快，但是就恒定速度而言，它应该相当准确(也就是说，无论动态对象的数量如何，游戏都应以恒定速度运动)。

这是我当前用于在屏幕上放置对象的代码，每秒从我的游戏循环中调用多次：

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for (int i = 0; i < Bodies.NumberOfBodies();
{
Body body = Bodies.Bodylist[i];
var shape = body.GetShape();
game.Children.Add(shape); //each movable body's shape is added again.

Canvas.SetLeft(shape, body.PosX - offsetX);
Canvas.SetTop(shape, body.PosY - offsetY);
}

到目前为止，我已经阅读了该主题，但是有很多解决方案，我不知道哪种方法最合适。

关于stackoverflow，我查看了许多答案，包括

以恒定速度移动物理物体

和

WPF强制重新绘制画布

和

关于在WPF中刷新UI的困惑

和

如何通过准确使用调度程序计时器来控制WPF中的帧速率？

和

如何获得更好的比赛时间安排？

这里有一个类似的问题：如何在WPF中进行渲染循环？回复相同，但情况略有不同。例如，我本身并不需要恒定的帧速率，我只希望定时合理。

这些事情似乎有很多混乱，我感到每当我开始探索其中一种想法时，我最终都会尝试处理非常复杂的问题。再一次，我要做的就是获取redraw方法，以每秒20次的速度实际重绘GUI。

谢谢！

皮特

编辑：

请求了我的DispatcherTimer代码，因此它是：

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public void StartTimer()
{
//A note on the dispatcherTimer: http://www.wpf-tutorial.com/misc/dispatchertimer/
//The code below fires as often as possible (depending on the computer).
//When moves are calulated, the real elapsed time is taken in consideration.

/*Test: 300 added movable objects; a setting of 100ms
* --> 99 calls to CalculateMoves in 30 seconds; should have been 300.
* In other words, the game moves at a third of the actual speed.
* With only 30 added objects, the same settings gives 270 calls per 30 seconds.
* With only 3 added objects, the same settings gives 273 calls per 30 seconds.
*
*/

var timer = new DispatcherTimer();
timer.Interval = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 10); // Each every n milliseconds (set low to avoid flicker)
timer.Tick += EachTick;
dtStart = DateTime.Now; //start time is set for performing various calculations

//Add a bunch of objects for speed testing purposes
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)
{
AddBody();
}

stopWatch.Start();
timer.Start();
// Gameloop();
}

private void EachTick(object sender, object e)
{
//while (true)
//{

// System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(50); //gives the computer a chance to draw the gameboard (50 = 50 millieconds.
//Increase to give less strain on the computer, but a too high value (above 10) will give a"strobo" effect.

//This variable is used to get to the controls (labels etc) of the MainWindow (WPF)
// MainWindow mainWin = System.Windows.Application.Current.Windows.Cast<System.Windows.Window>().FirstOrDefault(window => window is MainWindow) as MainWindow;

if (runGame == false) return; //only go on if not in pause mode

// mainWin.txtInfo.Text =""; time.ToString("mm\\\\:ss");//Shows the timer in a textbox, only showing minutes and seconds.

//if (counter % 100 == 0)
//{
// //Add a flower
// AddBody();
//}

//float rndBalloon = rand.Next(75, 250); //so that the balloons come at irregular intervals

//if (counter % rndBalloon == 0)
//{
// //Add a balloon
// AddBalloon();
//}

//change direction of cloud
int cloudIndex = (Utilities.FindBodyIndex("cloud"));
Body cloud = Bodies.Bodylist[cloudIndex];
if (cloud.PosX > 600) cloud.SpeedX = -0.3f;
if (cloud.PosX < 100) cloud.SpeedX = 0.3f;

TrackKeyboard(); //Used to see what keys are pressed by the user(s)
EnemyMoves(); //Can be used to move enemies closer to the player
CalculateMoves(); //move the bodies
CollisionDetection(); //check for colliding bodies
Bodies.DeleteBodiesMarkedForDeletion(); //remove bodies marked for deletion
BoardSetup.DrawGame(game, Bodies.Bodylist);

MainWindow mainWin = System.Windows.Application.Current.Windows.Cast<System.Windows.Window>().FirstOrDefault(window => window is MainWindow) as MainWindow;

////The score is updated onscreen
mainWin.txtScore.Text = msg; // timesPassed.ToString(); //counter.ToString();

//If the infotext is displayed, this code will update it (but not toggle in on/off)
if (updateDisplayInfo == true) BoardSetup.PrintInfo(InfoMessage().ToString());

//Each fireball becomes a little bit paler (they fade out and eventually disappear)
FireballPaler();
counter++;
//}
}