Best way to convert DateTime to “n Hours Ago” in SQL
我编写了一个SQL函数来将SQL中的日期时间值转换为更友好的"n Hours Ago"或"n Days Ago"等类型的消息。 我想知道是否有更好的方法来做到这一点。
(是的,我知道"不要在SQL中这样做",但出于设计原因,我必须这样做)。
这是我写的函数:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 | CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetFriendlyDateTimeValue ( @CompareDate DateTime ) RETURNS nvarchar(48) AS BEGIN DECLARE @Now DateTime DECLARE @Hours INT DECLARE @Suff nvarchar(256) DECLARE @Found bit SET @Found = 0 SET @Now = getDate() SET @Hours = DATEDIFF(MI, @CompareDate, @Now)/60 IF @Hours <= 1 BEGIN SET @Suff = 'Just Now' SET @Found = 1 RETURN @Suff END IF @Hours < 24 BEGIN SET @Suff = ' Hours Ago' SET @Found = 1 END IF @Hours >= 8760 AND @Found = 0 BEGIN SET @Hours = @Hours / 8760 SET @Suff = ' Years Ago' SET @Found = 1 END IF @Hours >= 720 AND @Found = 0 BEGIN SET @Hours = @Hours / 720 SET @Suff = ' Months Ago' SET @Found = 1 END IF @Hours >= 168 AND @Found = 0 BEGIN SET @Hours = @Hours / 168 SET @Suff = ' Weeks Ago' SET @Found = 1 END IF @Hours >= 24 AND @Found = 0 BEGIN SET @Hours = @Hours / 24 SET @Suff = ' Days Ago' SET @Found = 1 END RETURN CONVERT(nvarchar, @Hours) + @Suff END |
正如你所说,我可能不会在SQL中这样做,但是作为一个思考练习有一个MySQL实现:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | CASE WHEN compare_date BETWEEN date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 60 MINUTE) AND now() THEN concat(MINUTE(TIMEDIFF(now(), compare_date)), ' minutes ago') WHEN datediff(now(), compare_date) = 1 THEN 'Yesterday' WHEN compare_date BETWEEN date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 24 HOUR) AND now() THEN concat(HOUR(TIMEDIFF(NOW(), compare_date)), ' hours ago') ELSE concat(datediff(now(), compare_date),' days ago') END |
基于在MySQL日期和时间手册页上看到的类似示例
在Oracle中:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | SELECT CC.MOD_DATETIME, 'Last modified ' || CASE WHEN (sysdate - cc.mod_datetime) < 1 THEN round((sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME)*24) || ' hours ago' WHEN (sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME) BETWEEN 1 AND 7 THEN round(sysdate-CC.MOD_DATETIME) || ' days ago' WHEN (sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME) BETWEEN 8 AND 365 THEN round((sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME) / 7) || ' weeks ago' WHEN (sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME) > 365 THEN round((sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME) / 365) || ' years ago' END FROM customer_catalog CC |
我的尝试 - 这是针对MS SQL的。它支持'前'和'从现在',复数,它不使用舍入或约会,但截断 - 约会在8/30和9/1之间给出1个月的差异,这可能不是你想要的。舍入在9/1和9/16之间提供1个月的差异。再一次,可能不是你想要的。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetFriendlyDateTimeValue( @CompareDate DATETIME ) RETURNS NVARCHAR(48) AS BEGIN DECLARE @s nvarchar(48) SET @s='Now' SELECT top 1 @s=CONVERT(nvarchar,abs(n))+' '+s+CASE WHEN abs(n)>1 THEN 's' ELSE '' END+CASE WHEN n>0 THEN ' ago' ELSE ' from now' END FROM ( SELECT CONVERT(INT,(CONVERT(FLOAT,(getdate()-@comparedate))*n)) AS n, s FROM ( SELECT 1/365 AS n, 'Year' AS s UNION ALL SELECT 1/30, 'Month' UNION ALL SELECT 1, 'Day' UNION ALL SELECT 7, 'Week' UNION ALL SELECT 24, 'Hour' UNION ALL SELECT 24*60, 'Minute' UNION ALL SELECT 24*60*60, 'Second' ) k ) j WHERE abs(n)>0 ORDER BY abs(n) RETURN @s END |
感谢上面发布的各种代码。
正如Hafthor指出的那样,原始代码与舍入有关。我还发现他的代码被踢出的一些结果与我所期望的结果不符。周五下午 - >周一早上将显示为"2天前"。我想我们都会在3天前打电话给我们,即使已经完成了3个完整的24小时。
所以我修改了代码(这是MS SQL)。免责声明:我是新手TSQL编码器,所以这很hacky,但工作!!
我做过一些改写 - 例如任何长达2周的东西都以天为单位表示。超过2个月的任何事情都以数周表示。任何事情都是在几个月等等。看起来似乎是表达它的直观方式。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 | CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[GetFriendlyDateTimeValue]( @CompareDate DATETIME ) RETURNS NVARCHAR(48) AS BEGIN DECLARE @s nvarchar(48) SET @s='Now' SELECT top 1 @s=CONVERT(nvarchar,abs(n))+' '+s+CASE WHEN abs(n)>1 THEN 's' ELSE '' END+CASE WHEN n>0 THEN ' ago' ELSE ' from now' END FROM ( SELECT CONVERT(INT,(CONVERT(FLOAT,(getdate()-@comparedate))*n)) AS n, s FROM ( SELECT 1/365 AS n, 'year' AS s UNION ALL SELECT 1/30, 'month' UNION ALL SELECT 1/7, 'week' UNION ALL SELECT 1, 'day' UNION ALL SELECT 24, 'hour' UNION ALL SELECT 24*60, 'minute' UNION ALL SELECT 24*60*60, 'second' ) k ) j WHERE abs(n)>0 ORDER BY abs(n) IF @s LIKE '%days%' BEGIN -- if over 2 months ago then express in months IF CONVERT(nvarchar,DATEDIFF(MM, @CompareDate, GETDATE())) >= 2 BEGIN SELECT @s = CONVERT(nvarchar,DATEDIFF(MM, @CompareDate, GETDATE())) + ' months ago' END -- if over 2 weeks ago then express in weeks, otherwise express as days ELSE IF CONVERT(nvarchar,DATEDIFF(DD, @CompareDate, GETDATE())) >= 14 BEGIN SELECT @s = CONVERT(nvarchar,DATEDIFF(WK, @CompareDate, GETDATE())) + ' weeks ago' END ELSE SELECT @s = CONVERT(nvarchar,DATEDIFF(DD, @CompareDate, GETDATE())) + ' days ago' END RETURN @s END |
这个怎么样?您可以扩展此模式以执行"年"消息,并且您可以检查"1天"或"1小时",因此它不会说"1天前"...
我喜欢SQL中的CASE语句。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | DROP FUNCTION dbo.time_diff_message GO CREATE FUNCTION dbo.time_diff_message ( @input_date datetime ) RETURNS VARCHAR(200) AS BEGIN DECLARE @msg VARCHAR(200) DECLARE @hourdiff INT SET @hourdiff = datediff(HOUR, @input_date, getdate()) SET @msg = CASE WHEN @hourdiff < 0 THEN ' from now' ELSE ' ago' END SET @hourdiff = abs(@hourdiff) SET @msg = CASE WHEN @hourdiff > 24 THEN CONVERT(VARCHAR, @hourdiff/24) + ' days' + @msg ELSE CONVERT(VARCHAR, @hourdiff) + ' hours' + @msg END RETURN @msg END GO SELECT dbo.time_diff_message('Dec 7 1941') |
您的代码看起来很实用至于更好的方式,那将是主观的。您可能希望查看此页面,因为它处理SQL中的时间跨度。
上面的帖子给了我一些好主意,所以这里是使用SQL Server 2012的任何人的另一个功能。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[FN_TIME_ELAPSED] ( @TIMESTAMP DATETIME ) RETURNS VARCHAR(50) AS BEGIN RETURN ( SELECT TIME_ELAPSED = CASE WHEN @TIMESTAMP IS NULL THEN NULL WHEN MINUTES_AGO < 60 THEN CONCAT(MINUTES_AGO, ' minutes ago') WHEN HOURS_AGO < 24 THEN CONCAT(HOURS_AGO, ' hours ago') WHEN DAYS_AGO < 365 THEN CONCAT(DAYS_AGO, ' days ago') ELSE CONCAT(YEARS_AGO, ' years ago') END FROM ( SELECT MINUTES_AGO = DATEDIFF(MINUTE, @TIMESTAMP, GETDATE()) ) TIMESPAN_MIN CROSS APPLY ( SELECT HOURS_AGO = DATEDIFF(HOUR, @TIMESTAMP, GETDATE()) ) TIMESPAN_HOUR CROSS APPLY ( SELECT DAYS_AGO = DATEDIFF(DAY, @TIMESTAMP, GETDATE()) ) TIMESPAN_DAY CROSS APPLY ( SELECT YEARS_AGO = DATEDIFF(YEAR, @TIMESTAMP, GETDATE()) ) TIMESPAN_YEAR ) END GO |
并实施:
1 2 | SELECT TIME_ELAPSED = DBO.FN_TIME_ELAPSED(AUDIT_TIMESTAMP) FROM SOME_AUDIT_TABLE |