当通过Python硒自动更新Chrome浏览器时，如何使用特定版本的ChromeDriver


How to work with a specific version of ChromeDriver while Chrome Browser gets updated automatically through Python selenium

我是Selenium的新手，现在可以将selenium与Chromedriver一起使用进行基本的自动测试，代码可以正常工作，但问题是Chrome浏览器始终在后端自动更新，并且代码始终在Chrome更新后无法运行 。 我知道我需要下载新的chromedriver来解决此问题，但是我想知道是否有任何方法可以在不禁用chromebrowser更新的情况下解决此问题？ tks。

我正在使用Windows 10 / Chrome版本67 / Python 3.6.4 / Selenium 3.12.0

相关讨论

不，除了更新ChromeDriver二进制版本外，别无选择，而Chrome浏览器会不断自动更新。

原因

在添加，修改和删除现有功能后，会释放每个Chrome浏览器。为了符合当前的浏览器功能集，Chrome团队会不时发布兼容的ChromeDriver二进制文件。这些ChromeDriver二进制文件能够与Chrome浏览器进行交互。某些版本的ChromeDriver二进制文件支持特定范围的Chrome浏览器版本(某些是最新版本)，如下所示：

  • ChromeDriver v81.0.4044.20(2020-02-13)

    1
    Supports Chrome version 80

  • ChromeDriver v80.0.3987.106(2020-02-13)

    1
    Supports Chrome version 80

  • ChromeDriver v79.0.3945.36(2019-11-18)

    1
    Supports Chrome version 79

  • ChromeDriver v78.0.3904.70(2019-10-21)

    1
    Supports Chrome version 78

  • ChromeDriver v77.0.3865.40(2019-08-20)

    1
    Supports Chrome version 77

  • ChromeDriver v76.0.3809.126(2019-08-20)

    1
    Supports Chrome version 76

  • ChromeDriver v75.0.3770.8(2019-04-29)

    1
    Supports Chrome version 75

  • ChromeDriver v74.0.3729.6(2019-03-14)

    1
    Supports Chrome version 74

  • ChromeDriver v73.0.3683.68(2019-03-06)

    1
    Supports Chrome version 73

  • ChromeDriver v2.46(2019-02-01)

    1
    Supports Chrome v71-73

  • ChromeDriver v2.45(2018-12-10)

    1
    Supports Chrome v70-72

  • ChromeDriver v2.44(2018-11-19)

    1
    Supports Chrome v69-71

  • ChromeDriver v2.43(2018-10-16)

    1
    Supports Chrome v69-71

  • ChromeDriver v2.42(2018-09-13)

    1
    Supports Chrome v68-70

  • ChromeDriver v2.41(2018-07-27)

    1
    Supports Chrome v67-69

  • ChromeDriver v2.40(2018-06-07)

    1
    Supports Chrome v66-68

  • ChromeDriver v2.39(2018-05-30)

    1
    Supports Chrome v66-68

  • ChromeDriver v2.38(2018-04-17)

    1
    Supports Chrome v65-67

  • ChromeDriver v2.37(2018-03-16)

    1
    Supports Chrome v64-66

  • ChromeDriver v2.36(2018-03-02)

    1
    Supports Chrome v63-65

  • ChromeDriver v2.35(2018-01-10)

    1
    Supports Chrome v62-64

  • ChromeDriver v2.34(2017-12-10)

    1
    Supports Chrome v61-63

  • ChromeDriver v2.33(2017-10-03)

    1
    Supports Chrome v60-62

  • ChromeDriver v2.32(2017-08-30)

    1
    Supports Chrome v59-61

  • ChromeDriver v2.31(2017-07-21)

    1
    Supports Chrome v58-60

  • ChromeDriver v2.30(2017-06-07)

    1
    Supports Chrome v58-60

  • ChromeDriver v2.29(2017-04-04)

    1
    Supports Chrome v56-58

结论

要使脚本/程序与更新的Chrome浏览器保持交互，您必须根据兼容性将ChromeDriver二进制版本与Chrome浏览器保持同步。

您可以使用以下Shell脚本来确保下载了正确版本的chrome驱动程序。您可以在python中执行类似的操作以使其工作，但是您将了解如何继续解决该问题。

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%sh
#downloading compatible chrome driver version
#getting the current chrome browser version
**chromeVersion=$(google-chrome --product-version)**
#getting the major version value from the full version
**chromeMajorVersion=${chromeVersion%%.*}**
# setting the base url for getting the release url for the chrome driver
**baseDriverLatestReleaseURL=https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE_**
#creating the latest release driver url based on the major version of the chrome
**latestDriverReleaseURL=$baseDriverLatestReleaseURL$chromeMajorVersion**
**echo $latestDriverReleaseURL**
#file name of the file that gets downloaded which would contain the full version of the chrome driver to download
**latestDriverVersionFileName="LATEST_RELEASE_"$chromeMajorVersion**
#downloading the file that would contain the full release version compatible with the major release of the chrome browser version
**wget $latestDriverReleaseURL**
#reading the file to get the version of the chrome driver that we should download
**latestFullDriverVersion=$(cat $latestDriverVersionFileName)**
**echo $latestFullDriverVersion**
#creating the final URL by passing the compatible version of the chrome driver that we should download
**finalURL="https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/"$latestFullDriverVersion"/chromedriver_linux64.zip"**
**echo $finalURL**
**wget $finalURL**

在databricks环境上运行计划作业时，我可以使用上述方法获得chrome浏览器和chrome驱动程序的兼容版本，并且它像没有任何问题的魅力一样工作。

希望它以某种方式帮助他人。

是的你可以。

问题："如何通过Python硒自动更新Chrome浏览器时如何使用特定版本的ChromeDriver"

就像您正确指出的那样，Chrome浏览器会自动更新。如果ChromeDriver是计算机上某个特定版本的Chrome浏览器的静态文件，则意味着每次浏览器更新时，您都必须下载新的ChromeDriver。

幸运的是，还有一种方法可以自动更新ChromeDriver！

您可以使用webdrive-manager自动使用正确的chromedriver。

安装webdrive-manager：

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pip install webdriver-manager

然后如下所示在python中使用驱动程序

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from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())

对于Ubuntu / Linux：

只需使用它即可更新到最新版本：https://stackoverflow.com/a/57306360/4240654

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version=$(curl -s https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE)
wget -qP"/tmp/""https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/${version}/chromedriver_linux64.zip"
sudo unzip -o /tmp/chromedriver_linux64.zip -d /usr/bin

然后，如果您需要更新Chrome，请执行以下操作：https://superuser.com/questions/130260/how-to-update-google-chrome-in-ubuntu

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sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install google-chrome-stable

这就是我构建的(也使用了另一个stackoverflow线程的一些预编写代码)，它可以为您工作。我每次都将脚本设置为从全局驱动程序脚本运行，以确保其使用正确的ChromeDriver.exe文件。

但是，在遇到此问题之前，您首先需要确保安装新的驱动程序，这些脚本将自动下载最新版本/寻找最新版本的ChromeDriver并将其下载到新的文件夹位置。 Chrome版本更新后，它将仅使用新的文件夹位置。如果chrome的浏览器版本更新了，并且chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com上没有可用的版本，则脚本应正常运行。

我在操作系统路径中设置了四个脚本，因此可以全局访问驱动程序。以下是我用来更新浏览器的脚本。

希望这是有道理的。

干杯!
马特

-getFileProperties.py-

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# as per https://stackoverflow.com/questions/580924/python-windows-file-version-attribute

import win32api

#==============================================================================
def getFileProperties(fname):
#==============================================================================
   """
    Read all properties of the given file return them as a dictionary.
   """
    propNames = ('Comments', 'InternalName', 'ProductName',
        'CompanyName', 'LegalCopyright', 'ProductVersion',
        'FileDescription', 'LegalTrademarks', 'PrivateBuild',
        'FileVersion', 'OriginalFilename', 'SpecialBuild')

    props = {'FixedFileInfo': None, 'StringFileInfo': None, 'FileVersion': None}

    try:
        # backslash as parm returns dictionary of numeric info corresponding to VS_FIXEDFILEINFO struc
        fixedInfo = win32api.GetFileVersionInfo(fname, '\\\')
        props['FixedFileInfo'] = fixedInfo
        props['FileVersion'] ="%d.%d.%d.%d" % (fixedInfo['FileVersionMS'] / 65536,
                fixedInfo['FileVersionMS'] % 65536, fixedInfo['FileVersionLS'] / 65536,
                fixedInfo['FileVersionLS'] % 65536)

        # \\VarFileInfo\\Translation returns list of available (language, codepage)
        # pairs that can be used to retreive string info. We are using only the first pair.
        lang, codepage = win32api.GetFileVersionInfo(fname, '\\\\VarFileInfo\\\\Translation')[0]

        # any other must be of the form \\StringfileInfo\\%04X%04X\\parm_name, middle
        # two are language/codepage pair returned from above

        strInfo = {}
        for propName in propNames:
            strInfoPath = u'\\\\StringFileInfo\\\\%04X%04X\\\\%s' % (lang, codepage, propName)
            ## print str_info
            strInfo[propName] = win32api.GetFileVersionInfo(fname, strInfoPath)

        props['StringFileInfo'] = strInfo
    except:
        pass

    return props

-ChromeVersion.py-

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from getFileProperties import *

chrome_browser = #'C:\\\\Program Files (x86)\\\\Google\\\\Chrome\\\\Application\\\\chrome.exe' -- ENTER YOUR Chrome.exe filepath


cb_dictionary = getFileProperties(chrome_browser) # returns whole string of version (ie. 76.0.111)

chrome_browser_version = cb_dictionary['FileVersion'][:2] # substring version to capabable version (ie. 77 / 76)


nextVersion = str(int(chrome_browser_version) +1) # grabs the next version of the chrome browser

lastVersion = str(int(chrome_browser_version) -1) # grabs the last version of the chrome browser

-ChromeDriverAutomation.py-

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from ChromeVersion import chrome_browser_version, nextVersion, lastVersion


driverName ="\\\\chromedriver.exe"

# defining base file directory of chrome drivers
driver_loc = #"C:\\\\Users\\\\Administrator\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Programs\\\\Python\\\\Python37-32\\\\ChromeDriver\\\" -- ENTER the file path of your exe
# -- I created a separate folder to house the versions of chromedriver, previous versions will be deleted after downloading the newest version.
# ie. version 75 will be deleted after 77 has been downloaded.

# defining the file path of your exe file automatically updating based on your browsers current version of chrome.
currentPath = driver_loc + chrome_browser_version + driverName
# check file directories to see if chrome drivers exist in nextVersion


import os.path

# check if new version of drive exists --> only continue if it doesn't
Newpath = driver_loc + nextVersion

# check if we have already downloaded the newest version of the browser, ie if we have version 76, and have already downloaded a version of 77, we don't need to run any more of the script.
newfileloc = Newpath + driverName
exists = os.path.exists(newfileloc)


if (exists == False):

    #open chrome driver and attempt to download new chrome driver exe file.

    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
    from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
    import time
    chrome_options = Options()
    executable_path = currentPath
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=executable_path, options=chrome_options)

    # opening up url of chromedriver to get new version of chromedriver.
    chromeDriverURL = 'https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html?path=' + nextVersion

    driver.get(chromeDriverURL)

    time.sleep(5)
    # find records of table rows
    table = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('tr')


    # check the length of the table
    Table_len = len(table)

    # ensure that table length is greater than 4, else fail. -- table length of 4 is default when there are no availble updates
    if (Table_len > 4 ):

        # define string value of link
        rowText = table[(len(table)-2)].text[:6]
        time.sleep(1)
        # select the value of the row
        driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[contains(text(),' + '"' + str(rowText) + '"'+')]').click()
        time.sleep(1)
        #select chromedriver zip for windows
        driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[contains(text(),' + '"' +"win32" + '"'+')]').click()

        time.sleep(3)
        driver.quit()

        from zipfile import ZipFile
        import shutil


        fileName = #r"C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Downloads\\chromedriver_win32.zip" --> enter your download path here.




        # Create a ZipFile Object and load sample.zip in it
        with ZipFile(fileName, 'r') as zipObj:
           # Extract all the contents of zip file in different directory
           zipObj.extractall(Newpath)


        # delete downloaded file
        os.remove(fileName)



        # defining old chrome driver location
        oldPath = driver_loc + lastVersion
        oldpathexists = os.path.exists(oldPath)

        # this deletes the old folder with the older version of chromedriver in it (version 75, once 77 has been downloaded)
        if(oldpathexists == True):
            shutil.rmtree(oldPath, ignore_errors=True)



exit()

https://github.com/MattWaller/ChromeDriverAutoUpdate