Why sum behaves differently after I import NumPy
为什么导入NumPy后结果不同?
1 | print(sum(range(5),-1)) |
答案是9
1 2 | from numpy import * print(sum(range(5),-1)) |
答案是10
内置功能应谨慎操作。
内置的
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 | Help on built-in function sum in module __builtin__: sum(...) sum(iterable[, start]) -> value Return the sum of an iterable or sequence of numbers (NOT strings) plus the value of 'start' (which defaults to 0). When the sequence is empty, return start. (END) >>> import numpy >>> help(numpy.sum) Help on function sum in module numpy.core.fromnumeric: sum(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=<class numpy._globals._NoValue>) Sum of array elements over a given axis. Parameters ---------- a : array_like Elements to sum. axis : None or int or tuple of ints, optional Axis or axes along which a sum is performed. The default, axis=None, will sum all of the elements of the input array. If axis is negative it counts from the last to the first axis. .. versionadded:: 1.7.0 If axis is a tuple of ints, a sum is performed on all of the axes specified in the tuple instead of a single axis or all the axes as before. dtype : dtype, optional The type of the returned array and of the accumulator in which the elements are summed. The dtype of `a` is used by default unless `a` has an integer dtype of less precision than the default platform integer. In that case, if `a` is signed then the platform integer is used while if `a` is unsigned then an unsigned integer of the same precision as the platform integer is used. out : ndarray, optional Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must have the same shape as the expected output, but the type of the output values will be cast if necessary. keepdims : bool, optional If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option, the result will broadcast correctly against the input array. If the default value is passed, then `keepdims` will not be passed through to the `sum` method of sub-classes of `ndarray`, however any non-default value will be. If the sub-classes `sum` method does not implement `keepdims` any exceptions will be raised. Returns ------- sum_along_axis : ndarray An array with the same shape as `a`, with the specified axis removed. If `a` is a 0-d array, or if `axis` is None, a scalar is returned. If an output array is specified, a reference to `out` is returned. See Also . . . >>> |
发生这种情况是因为内置的python
当您评估内置python
相反,
这是因为根据文档,
在标准库的
因此,您的代码等效于