typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEARER
{
    UINT16 bfType;  //2Bytes,必须为“BM”，即0x424D 才是Windows位图文件
    DWORD bfSize;   //4Bytes,整个BMP文件的大小
    UINT16 bfReserved1; //2Bytes,保留，为0
    UINT16 bfReserved2; //2Bytes,保留，为0
    DWORD bfOffBits;    //4Bytes,文件起始位置到图像像素数据的字节偏移量
}BITMAPFILEHEADER;

typedef struct _tagBMP_INFOHEADER
{
    DWORD  biSize;              //4Bytes，INFOHEADER结构体大小，存在其他版本INFOHEADER，用作区分
    LONG   biWidth;             //4Bytes，图像宽度（以像素为单位）
    LONG   biHeight;            //4Bytes，图像高度，+：图像存储顺序为Bottom2Top，-：Top2Bottom
    WORD   biPlanes;            //2Bytes，图像数据平面，BMP存储RGB数据，因此总为1
    WORD   biBitCount;          //2Bytes，图像像素位数
    DWORD  biCompression;       //4Bytes，0：不压缩，1：RLE8，2：RLE4
    DWORD  biSizeImage;         //4Bytes，4字节对齐的图像数据大小
    LONG   biXPelsPerMeter;     //4Bytes，用象素/米表示的水平分辨率
    LONG   biYPelsPerMeter;     //4Bytes，用象素/米表示的垂直分辨率
    DWORD  biClrUsed;           //4Bytes，实际使用的调色板索引数，0：使用所有的调色板索引
    DWORD biClrImportant;       //4Bytes，重要的调色板索引数，0：所有的调色板索引都重要
}BMP_INFOHEADER;

typedef struct _tagRGBQUAD
{
 BYTE  rgbBlue;       //指定蓝色强度
 BYTE  rgbGreen;      //指定绿色强度
 BYTE  rgbRed;        //指定红色强度
 BYTE  rgbReserved;  //保留，设置为0
} RGBQUAD;

#include <stdio.h>    
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <iostream>  

using namespace std;

typedef unsigned char BYTE;
typedef unsigned short WORD;
typedef unsigned int DWORD;
typedef unsigned short UINT16;
typedef long LONG;

typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEARER
{
    //UINT16 bfType;
    DWORD bfSize;
    UINT16 bfReserved1;
    UINT16 bfReserved2;
    DWORD bfOffBits;
}BITMAPFILEHEADER;

typedef struct _tagBMP_INFOHEADER
{
    DWORD  biSize;             
    LONG   biWidth;            
    LONG   biHeight;
    WORD   biPlanes;
    WORD   biBitCount;  
    DWORD  biCompression;  
    DWORD  biSizeImage;      
    LONG   biXPelsPerMeter;    
    LONG   biYPelsPerMeter;    
    DWORD  biClrUsed;  
    DWORD biClrImportant;      
}BMP_INFOHEADER;

typedef struct _tagRGBQUAD
{
    BYTE  rgbBlue;      
    BYTE  rgbGreen;
    BYTE  rgbRed;  
    BYTE  rgbReserved;  
} RGBQUAD;

typedef struct tagIMAGEDATA
{
    BYTE red;
    BYTE green;
    BYTE blue;
}IMAGEDATA;

BITMAPFILEHEADER strHead;
RGBQUAD strPla[256];
BMP_INFOHEADER strInfo;
 
void showBmpHead(BITMAPFILEHEADER pBmpHead) {
    cout << "Bitmap file header" << endl << endl;
    cout << "File size:" << pBmpHead.bfSize << endl;
    cout << "Reserved1:" << pBmpHead.bfReserved1 << endl;
    cout << "Reserved2:" << pBmpHead.bfReserved2 << endl;
    cout << "The number of bytes offset from the actual bitmap data:" << pBmpHead.bfOffBits << endl << endl;
}

void showBmpInforHead(BMP_INFOHEADER pBmpInforHead) {
    cout << "Bitmap information header" << endl << endl;
    cout << "The length of the structure:" << pBmpInforHead.biSize << endl;
    cout << "Width:" << pBmpInforHead.biWidth << endl;
    cout << "Height:" << pBmpInforHead.biHeight << endl;
    cout << "biPlanes:" << pBmpInforHead.biPlanes << endl;
    cout << "biBitCount:" << pBmpInforHead.biBitCount << endl;
    cout << "Compression:" << pBmpInforHead.biCompression << endl;
    cout << "The number of bytes consumed by the actual bitmap data:" << pBmpInforHead.biSizeImage << endl;
    cout << "X:" << pBmpInforHead.biXPelsPerMeter << endl;
    cout << "Y:" << pBmpInforHead.biYPelsPerMeter << endl;
    cout << "Clr:" << pBmpInforHead.biClrUsed << endl;
    cout << "Significant color number:" << pBmpInforHead.biClrImportant << endl;
}

RGBQUAD* ReadFile(char *strFile)
{
   
    FILE *fpBMP;
    fpBMP = fopen(strFile, "rb");

    if (fpBMP != NULL) {
       
        WORD bfType;

        fread(&bfType, 1, sizeof(WORD), fpBMP);
        if (0x4d42 != bfType) {
            cout << "the file is not a bmp file!" << endl;
            return NULL;
        }

        fread(&strHead, 1, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), fpBMP);
        showBmpHead(strHead);

        fread(&strInfo, 1, sizeof(BMP_INFOHEADER), fpBMP);
        showBmpInforHead(strInfo);  

        cout << endl;

        int i;
        IMAGEDATA **imagedata;
        imagedata = (IMAGEDATA **)malloc(sizeof(IMAGEDATA*)*strInfo.biHeight);

        for (i = 0; i < strInfo.biHeight; i++)
            *(imagedata + i) = (IMAGEDATA*)malloc(sizeof(IMAGEDATA)*strInfo.biWidth);  

        for (i = 0; i < strInfo.biHeight; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < strInfo.biWidth; j++) {
                fread(*(imagedata + i) + j, sizeof(IMAGEDATA), 1, fpBMP);
            }
        }

        cout << "==================red======================" << endl;
        for (i = 0; i < strInfo.biHeight; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < strInfo.biWidth; j++) {
                printf("%d  ", imagedata[i][j].red);
            }
            cout << endl;
        }
        cout << "===================green=====================" << endl;
        for (i = 0; i < strInfo.biHeight; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < strInfo.biWidth; j++) {
                printf("%d  ", imagedata[i][j].green);
            }
            cout << endl;
        }
        cout << "====================blue====================" << endl;
        for (i = 0; i < strInfo.biHeight; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < strInfo.biWidth; j++) {
                printf("%d  ", imagedata[i][j].blue);
            }
            cout << endl;
        }
        fclose(fpBMP);
    }
    else {
        cout << "file open error!" << endl;
        return NULL;
    }
}

int main()
{
    char strFile[30] = "..//test.bmp";
    cout << strFile << endl;
    ReadFile(strFile);
    system("pause");
}