如何使用windows terminal+WSL


windows terminal + windows subsystem for Linux

近日在使用Cygwin的时候查到原来 巨硬公司已开发Windows terminal工具combine终端，与此同时，通过安装WSL系统，我们可以在window下直接使用Linux，最后将window下安装具有terminal的所有软件都综合到windows terminal下面。更多知识分享请到 https://zouhua.top/。

安装 Windows Subsystem for Linux

  • WSL2是windows开发的无需安装虚拟机且与Windows 10共存的Linux系统，一般需要window 10系统（具体版本未查）。安装前需要开启以下功能：

  1. CPU的虚拟机功能，否则在初始化过程会报错；

  2. windows的WSL功能，Windows features选项打开；

  • 完成上述操作后，可通过Microsoft Store搜索Ubuntu安装Ubuntu 20.04或18.04(可以根据自己的喜好下载)。

  • 下载完成后，启动Ubuntu，会出现initialization状态。在初始完成后需要设置root账户名和密码，设置完成后，Windows电脑即拥有了Linux系统了，它与Windows并存。大部分Linux常用的命令均可以在WSL下使用，可作为新手练习或学习Linux，并且它的崩溃不会影响到Windows系统，本人常用来做一些只有root账户才可以操作的命令，比如删库跑路的 rm -rf /* 命令！！！
  • 配置WSL和配置服务器一样，可以修改.bashrc或.bash_profile文件

安装Windows terminal

Windows terminal是Microsoft出品的工具，在GitHub上已有上千颗star了，它有太多太多功能了，这里我只用来作为综合各个terminal的工具。

  • 同样上Microsoft store下载Windows terminal（稳定版本或者preview版本，看自己需求，推荐下载稳定版本），以关键词“terminal”搜索

  • 安装完成后，配置Windows terminal，配置文件是json文件，可通过notepad等工具打开

  1. 配置参数主要有：

    • profiles: 配置每个terminal的guid、路径和颜色背景等等
    • schemes: 颜色背景
    • keybindings: 快捷键设置

  2. 本人参数配置情况: 1.设置了背景图片；2.设置了背景颜色；3.重新调整了terminal顺序；4.添加了新的terminal

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    // This file was initially generated by Windows Terminal 1.2.2381.0
    // It should still be usable in newer versions, but newer versions might have additional
    // settings, help text, or changes that you will not see unless you clear this file
    // and let us generate a new one for you.

    // To view the default settings, hold "alt" while clicking on the "Settings" button.
    // For documentation on these settings, see: https://aka.ms/terminal-documentation
    {
        "$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
       
        // set default profile: ubuntu
        "defaultProfile": "{07b52e3e-de2c-5db4-bd2d-ba144ed6c273}",

        // You can add more global application settings here.
        // To learn more about global settings, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-global-settings

        // If enabled, selections are automatically copied to your clipboard.
        "copyOnSelect": true,

        // If enabled, formatted data is also copied to your clipboard
        "copyFormatting": true,

        //customize the colors, font and keyboard bindings
        "wordDelimiters" : " \\()",    // word delimiters for copy and paste
        "showTabsInTitlebar" : true,
        "showTerminalTitleInTitlebar" : true,

        // A profile specifies a command to execute paired with information about how it should look and feel.
        // Each one of them will appear in the 'New Tab' dropdown,
        //   and can be invoked from the commandline with `wt.exe -p xxx`
        // To learn more about profiles, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-profile-settings
        "profiles":
        {
            "defaults":
            {
              "backgroundImage": "C:\\Users\\zouhu\\AppData\\Roaming\\terimal_figure\\goose.png",
              "backgroundImageStretchMode": "uniformToFill",
              "backgroundImageOpacity": 0.6,
              "background": "#013456",
              "acrylicOpacity": 0.8,
              "useAcrylic": true,

              //customize the colors, font and keyboard bindings
              //"wordDelimiters" : " ./\\()"'-:,.;<>~!@#$%^&*|+=[]{}~?│",
              //"showTabsInTitlebar" : true,
              //"showTerminalTitleInTitlebar" : true
            },
          "list": [
            {
              "guid": "{07b52e3e-de2c-5db4-bd2d-ba144ed6c273}",
              "hidden": false,
              "name": "Ubuntu-20.04",
              "source": "Windows.Terminal.Wsl",
              "colorScheme": "Monokai Night"
            },
            {
              "guid": "{60af1884-f8af-11ea-adc1-0242ac120002}",
              "hidden": false,
              "name": "gdl server",
              "commandline": "powershell.exe ssh [email protected]",
              "colorScheme": "Monokai Night",
              "icon": "C:\\Users\\zouhu\\AppData\\Roaming\\terimal_figure\\SSH.ico"
            },
            {
              // Make changes here to the powershell.exe profile.
              "guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
              "name": "Windows PowerShell",
              "commandline": "powershell.exe",
              "hidden": false,
              "colorScheme": "Monokai Night"
            },
            {
              // Make changes here to the cmd.exe profile.
              "guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
              "name": "Command Prompt",
              "commandline": "cmd.exe",
              "hidden": false,
              "colorScheme": "Solarized Dark Patched"
            },
            {
              "guid": "{a02de8a8-f4d3-11ea-adc1-0242ac120002}",
              "hidden": false,
              "name": "git",
              "source": "C:\\Software\\git\\Git\\bin\\bash.exe",
              "colorScheme": "Campbell"
            },
            {
              "guid": "{a7874b94-f4d3-11ea-adc1-0242ac120002}",
              "hidden": false,
              "name": "cygwin",
              "source": "C:\\Software\\Cygwin\\bin\\mintty.exe",
              "colorScheme": "Monokai Night"
            },
            {
              "guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
              "hidden": false,
              "name": "Azure Cloud Shell",
              "source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure",
              "colorScheme": "Monokai Night"
            }
          ]
        },

        // Add custom color schemes to this array.
        // To learn more about color schemes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-color-schemes
      "schemes": [
        {
          "name": "Solarized Dark Patched",
          "cursorColor": "#657b83",
          "background": "#002b36",
          "foreground": "#fdf6e3",
          "black": "#073642",
          "blue": "#268bd2",
          "cyan": "#2aa198",
          "green": "#859900",
          "purple": "#d33682",
          "red": "#dc322f",
          "white": "#eee8d5",
          "yellow": "#b58900",
          "brightBlack": "#657b83",
          "brightBlue": "#839496",
          "brightCyan": "#93a1a1",
          "brightGreen": "#586e75",
          "brightPurple": "#6c71c4",
          "brightRed": "#cb4b16",
          "brightWhite": "#fdf6e3",
          "brightYellow": "#657b83"
        },
        {
          "name": "Monokai Night",
          "background": "#1f1f1f",
          "foreground": "#f8f8f8",
          "black": "#1f1f1f",
          "blue": "#6699df",
          "cyan": "#e69f66",
          "green": "#a6e22e",
          "purple": "#ae81ff",
          "red": "#f92672",
          "white": "#f8f8f2",
          "yellow": "#e6db74",
          "brightBlack": "#75715e",
          "brightBlue": "#66d9ef",
          "brightCyan": "#e69f66",
          "brightGreen": "#a6e22e",
          "brightPurple": "#ae81ff",
          "brightRed": "#f92672",
          "brightWhite": "#f8f8f2",
          "brightYellow": "#e6db74"
        },
        {
          "name": "Campbell",
          "cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
          "selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
          "background": "#0C0C0C",
          "foreground": "#CCCCCC",
          "black": "#0C0C0C",
          "blue": "#0037DA",
          "cyan": "#3A96DD",
          "green": "#13A10E",
          "purple": "#881798",
          "red": "#C50F1F",
          "white": "#CCCCCC",
          "yellow": "#C19C00",
          "brightBlack": "#767676",
          "brightBlue": "#3B78FF",
          "brightCyan": "#61D6D6",
          "brightGreen": "#16C60C",
          "brightPurple": "#B4009E",
          "brightRed": "#E74856",
          "brightWhite": "#F2F2F2",
          "brightYellow": "#F9F1A5"
        }
      ],

        // Add custom keybindings to this array.
        // To unbind a key combination from your defaults.json, set the command to "unbound".
        // To learn more about keybindings, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-keybindings
        "keybindings":
        [
            // Copy and paste are bound to Ctrl+Shift+C and Ctrl+Shift+V in your defaults.json.
            // These two lines additionally bind them to Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V.
            // To learn more about selection, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-selection
            { "command": {"action": "copy", "singleLine": false }, "keys": "ctrl+c" },
            { "command": "paste", "keys": "ctrl+v" },

            // Press Ctrl+Shift+F to open the search box
            { "command": "find", "keys": "ctrl+shift+f" },

            // Press Alt+Shift+D to open a new pane.
            // - "split": "auto" makes this pane open in the direction that provides the most surface area.
            // - "splitMode": "duplicate" makes the new pane use the focused pane's profile.
            // To learn more about panes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-panes
            { "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "auto", "splitMode": "duplicate" }, "keys": "alt+shift+d" },
            { "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "vertical" }, "keys": "alt+shift+plus" },
            { "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "horizontal" }, "keys": "alt+shift+-" },

            //moveFocus
            { "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "down" }, "keys": "alt+down" },
            { "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "left" }, "keys": "alt+left" },
            { "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "right" }, "keys": "alt+right" },
            { "command": { "action": "moveFocus", "direction": "up" }, "keys": "alt+up" },

            //resizepan
            { "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "down" }, "keys": "alt+shift+down" },
            { "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "left" }, "keys": "alt+shift+left" },
            { "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "right" }, "keys": "alt+shift+right" },
            { "command": { "action": "resizePane", "direction": "up" }, "keys": "alt+shift+up" },

            //closePane
            { "command": "closePane", "keys": "ctrl+shift+w" }
        ]
    }

  3. PS : 每个人的terminal的GUID都不一样，可以通过使用 在线 UUID生成器完成 Online UUID Generator

  • 最后完成配置的windows terminal

Windows terminal常用的命令

  • 分割屏幕：Alt + shift + d
  • 關閉屏幕：Ctrl + shift + w

引用

参考文章如引起任何侵权问题，可以与我联系，谢谢